documentation: Bump version

Add inline rule-set & Add reload for local rule-set
Unique rule-set names
2025-06-13 21:54:13 +08:00 · 2024-07-07 16:10:24 +08:00 · 2024-07-07 16:10:24 +08:00 · 2024-07-07 16:10:24 +08:00 · 2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00 · 2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
103 changed files with 3343 additions and 1339 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/debug.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/debug.yml
@ -33,26 +33,6 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run Test
        run: |
          go test -v ./...
-  build_go118:
-    name: Debug build (Go 1.18)
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: ~1.18
-      - name: Cache go module
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
-          key: go118-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-      - name: Run Test
-        run: make ci_build_go118
  build_go120:
    name: Debug build (Go 1.20)
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
--- a/9
+++ b/9
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 NAME = sing-box
 COMMIT = $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
-TAGS_GO118 = with_gvisor,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_reality_server,with_clash_api
-TAGS_GO120 = with_quic,with_utls
+TAGS_GO120 = with_gvisor,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_reality_server,with_clash_api,with_quic,with_utls
 TAGS_GO121 = with_ech
 TAGS ?= $(TAGS_GO118),$(TAGS_GO120),$(TAGS_GO121)
 TAGS_TEST ?= with_gvisor,with_quic,with_wireguard,with_grpc,with_ech,with_utls,with_reality_server
@ -20,13 +19,9 @@ PREFIX ?= $(shell go env GOPATH)
 build:
 	go build $(MAIN_PARAMS) $(MAIN)

-ci_build_go118:
-	go build $(PARAMS) $(MAIN)
-	go build $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS_GO118)" $(MAIN)
-
 ci_build_go120:
 	go build $(PARAMS) $(MAIN)
-	go build $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS_GO118),$(TAGS_GO120)" $(MAIN)
+	go build $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS_GO120)" $(MAIN)

 ci_build:
 	go build $(PARAMS) $(MAIN)
--- a/adapter/experimental.go
+++ b/adapter/experimental.go
@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/urltest"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 type ClashServer interface {
@ -56,16 +55,15 @@ func (s *SavedRuleSet) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteUVariant(&buffer, uint64(len(s.Content)))
+	err = varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, s.Content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	buffer.Write(s.Content)
 	err = binary.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, s.LastUpdated.Unix())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteVString(&buffer, s.LastEtag)
+	err = varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, s.LastEtag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -79,12 +77,7 @@ func (s *SavedRuleSet) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	contentLen, err := rw.ReadUVariant(reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	s.Content = make([]byte, contentLen)
-	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, s.Content)
+	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &s.Content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -94,7 +87,7 @@ func (s *SavedRuleSet) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	s.LastUpdated = time.Unix(lastUpdated, 0)
-	s.LastEtag, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &s.LastEtag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/adapter/inbound.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound.go
@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 	// rule cache

 	IPCIDRMatchSource bool
+	IPCIDRAcceptEmpty bool
+
 	SourceAddressMatch           bool
 	SourcePortMatch              bool
 	DestinationAddressMatch      bool
@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ type InboundContext struct {

 func (c *InboundContext) ResetRuleCache() {
 	c.IPCIDRMatchSource = false
+	c.IPCIDRAcceptEmpty = false
 	c.SourceAddressMatch = false
 	c.SourcePortMatch = false
 	c.DestinationAddressMatch = false
--- a/adapter/router.go
+++ b/adapter/router.go
@ -10,15 +10,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"

 	mdns "github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"go4.org/netipx"
 )

 type Router interface {
 	Service
 	PreStarter
 	PostStarter
+	Cleanup() error

 	Outbounds() []Outbound
 	Outbound(tag string) (Outbound, bool)
@ -45,7 +48,9 @@ type Router interface {
 	DefaultInterface() string
 	AutoDetectInterface() bool
 	AutoDetectInterfaceFunc() control.Func
-	DefaultMark() int
+	DefaultMark() uint32
+	RegisterAutoRedirectOutputMark(mark uint32) error
+	AutoRedirectOutputMark() uint32
 	NetworkMonitor() tun.NetworkUpdateMonitor
 	InterfaceMonitor() tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
 	PackageManager() tun.PackageManager
@ -92,12 +97,22 @@ type DNSRule interface {
 }

 type RuleSet interface {
+	Name() string
 	StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext RuleSetStartContext) error
+	PostStart() error
 	Metadata() RuleSetMetadata
+	ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet
+	IncRef()
+	DecRef()
+	Cleanup()
+	RegisterCallback(callback RuleSetUpdateCallback) *list.Element[RuleSetUpdateCallback]
+	UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[RuleSetUpdateCallback])
 	Close() error
 	HeadlessRule
 }

+type RuleSetUpdateCallback func(it RuleSet)
+
 type RuleSetMetadata struct {
 	ContainsProcessRule bool
 	ContainsWIFIRule    bool
--- a/box.go
+++ b/box.go
@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			ctx,
 			router,
 			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("inbound/", inboundOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
+			tag,
 			inboundOptions,
 			options.PlatformInterface,
 		)
@ -302,7 +303,11 @@ func (s *Box) start() error {
 			return E.Cause(err, "initialize inbound/", in.Type(), "[", tag, "]")
 		}
 	}
-	return s.postStart()
+	err = s.postStart()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return s.router.Cleanup()
 }

 func (s *Box) postStart() error {
@ -312,16 +317,28 @@ func (s *Box) postStart() error {
 			return E.Cause(err, "start ", serviceName)
 		}
 	}
-	for _, outbound := range s.outbounds {
-		if lateOutbound, isLateOutbound := outbound.(adapter.PostStarter); isLateOutbound {
+	// TODO: reorganize ALL start order
+	for _, out := range s.outbounds {
+		if lateOutbound, isLateOutbound := out.(adapter.PostStarter); isLateOutbound {
 			err := lateOutbound.PostStart()
 			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, "post-start outbound/", outbound.Tag())
+				return E.Cause(err, "post-start outbound/", out.Tag())
 			}
 		}
 	}
-
-	return s.router.PostStart()
+	err := s.router.PostStart()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, in := range s.inbounds {
+		if lateInbound, isLateInbound := in.(adapter.PostStarter); isLateInbound {
+			err = lateInbound.PostStart()
+			if err != nil {
+				return E.Cause(err, "post-start inbound/", in.Tag())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 func (s *Box) Close() error {
--- a/box_outbound.go
+++ b/box_outbound.go
@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ func (s *Box) startOutbounds() error {
 			}
 			started[outboundTag] = true
 			canContinue = true
-			if starter, isStarter := outboundToStart.(common.Starter); isStarter {
+			if starter, isStarter := outboundToStart.(interface {
+				Start() error
+			}); isStarter {
 				monitor.Start("initialize outbound/", outboundToStart.Type(), "[", outboundTag, "]")
 				err := starter.Start()
 				monitor.Finish()
--- a/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func buildAndroid() {

 	const name = "libbox.aar"
 	copyPath := filepath.Join("..", "sing-box-for-android", "app", "libs")
-	if rw.FileExists(copyPath) {
+	if rw.IsDir(copyPath) {
 		copyPath, _ = filepath.Abs(copyPath)
 		err = rw.CopyFile(name, filepath.Join(copyPath, name))
 		if err != nil {
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func buildiOS() {
 	}

 	copyPath := filepath.Join("..", "sing-box-for-apple")
-	if rw.FileExists(copyPath) {
+	if rw.IsDir(copyPath) {
 		targetDir := filepath.Join(copyPath, "Libbox.xcframework")
 		targetDir, _ = filepath.Abs(targetDir)
 		os.RemoveAll(targetDir)
--- a/cmd/internal/build_shared/sdk.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_shared/sdk.go
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func FindSDK() {
 	}
 	for _, path := range searchPath {
 		path = os.ExpandEnv(path)
-		if rw.FileExists(filepath.Join(path, "licenses", "android-sdk-license")) {
+		if rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(path, "licenses", "android-sdk-license")) {
 			androidSDKPath = path
 			break
 		}
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func FindSDK() {
 func findNDK() bool {
 	const fixedVersion = "26.2.11394342"
 	const versionFile = "source.properties"
-	if fixedPath := filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, "ndk", fixedVersion); rw.FileExists(filepath.Join(fixedPath, versionFile)) {
+	if fixedPath := filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, "ndk", fixedVersion); rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(fixedPath, versionFile)) {
 		androidNDKPath = fixedPath
 		return true
 	}
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func findNDK() bool {
 	})
 	for _, versionName := range versionNames {
 		currentNDKPath := filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, "ndk", versionName)
-		if rw.FileExists(filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, versionFile)) {
+		if rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, versionFile)) {
 			androidNDKPath = currentNDKPath
 			log.Warn("reproducibility warning: using NDK version " + versionName + " instead of " + fixedVersion)
 			return true
@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ var GoBinPath string
 func FindMobile() {
 	goBin := filepath.Join(build.Default.GOPATH, "bin")
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		if !rw.FileExists(filepath.Join(goBin, "gobind.exe")) {
+		if !rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(goBin, "gobind.exe")) {
 			log.Fatal("missing gomobile installation")
 		}
 	} else {
-		if !rw.FileExists(filepath.Join(goBin, "gobind")) {
+		if !rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(goBin, "gobind")) {
 			log.Fatal("missing gomobile installation")
 		}
 	}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_merge.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_merge.go
@ -54,7 +54,11 @@ func merge(outputPath string) error {
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteFile(outputPath, buffer.Bytes())
+	err = rw.MkdirParent(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = os.WriteFile(outputPath, buffer.Bytes(), 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set.go
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (

 var commandRuleSet = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "rule-set",
-	Short: "Manage rule sets",
+	Short: "Manage rule-sets",
 }

 func init() {
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	ruleSet, err := plainRuleSet.Upgrade()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	ruleSet := plainRuleSet.Upgrade()
 	var outputPath string
 	if flagRuleSetCompileOutput == flagRuleSetCompileDefaultOutput {
 		if strings.HasSuffix(sourcePath, ".json") {
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_decompile.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_decompile.go
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var flagRuleSetDecompileOutput string
+
+const flagRuleSetDecompileDefaultOutput = "<file_name>.json"
+
+var commandRuleSetDecompile = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "decompile [binary-path]",
+	Short: "Decompile rule-set binary to json",
+	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		err := decompileRuleSet(args[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	commandRuleSet.AddCommand(commandRuleSetDecompile)
+	commandRuleSetDecompile.Flags().StringVarP(&flagRuleSetDecompileOutput, "output", "o", flagRuleSetDecompileDefaultOutput, "Output file")
+}
+
+func decompileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
+	var (
+		reader io.Reader
+		err    error
+	)
+	if sourcePath == "stdin" {
+		reader = os.Stdin
+	} else {
+		reader, err = os.Open(sourcePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	plainRuleSet, err := srs.Read(reader, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ruleSet := option.PlainRuleSetCompat{
+		Version: C.RuleSetVersion1,
+		Options: plainRuleSet,
+	}
+	var outputPath string
+	if flagRuleSetDecompileOutput == flagRuleSetDecompileDefaultOutput {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(sourcePath, ".srs") {
+			outputPath = sourcePath[:len(sourcePath)-4] + ".json"
+		} else {
+			outputPath = sourcePath + ".json"
+		}
+	} else {
+		outputPath = flagRuleSetDecompileOutput
+	}
+	outputFile, err := os.Create(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	encoder := json.NewEncoder(outputFile)
+	encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
+	err = encoder.Encode(ruleSet)
+	if err != nil {
+		outputFile.Close()
+		os.Remove(outputPath)
+		return err
+	}
+	outputFile.Close()
+	return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_match.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_match.go
@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@ -21,8 +22,8 @@ import (
 var flagRuleSetMatchFormat string

 var commandRuleSetMatch = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "match <rule-set path> <domain>",
-	Short: "Check if a domain matches the rule set",
+	Use:   "match <rule-set path> <IP address/domain>",
+	Short: "Check if an IP address or a domain matches the rule-set",
 	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(2),
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		err := ruleSetMatch(args[0], args[1])
@ -62,14 +63,24 @@ func ruleSetMatch(sourcePath string, domain string) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		plainRuleSet = compat.Upgrade()
+		plainRuleSet, err = compat.Upgrade()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	case C.RuleSetFormatBinary:
 		plainRuleSet, err = srs.Read(bytes.NewReader(content), false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	default:
-		return E.New("unknown rule set format: ", flagRuleSetMatchFormat)
+		return E.New("unknown rule-set format: ", flagRuleSetMatchFormat)
+	}
+	ipAddress := M.ParseAddr(domain)
+	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
+	if ipAddress.IsValid() {
+		metadata.Destination = M.SocksaddrFrom(ipAddress, 0)
+	} else {
+		metadata.Domain = domain
 	}
 	for i, ruleOptions := range plainRuleSet.Rules {
 		var currentRule adapter.HeadlessRule
@ -77,9 +88,7 @@ func ruleSetMatch(sourcePath string, domain string) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "parse rule_set.rules.[", i, "]")
 		}
-		if currentRule.Match(&adapter.InboundContext{
-			Domain: domain,
-		}) {
+		if currentRule.Match(&metadata) {
 			println(F.ToString("match rules.[", i, "]: ", currentRule))
 		}
 	}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_run.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_run.go
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func readConfigAndMerge() (option.Options, error) {
 	}
 	var mergedMessage json.RawMessage
 	for _, options := range optionsList {
-		mergedMessage, err = badjson.MergeJSON(options.options.RawMessage, mergedMessage)
+		mergedMessage, err = badjson.MergeJSON(options.options.RawMessage, mergedMessage, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return option.Options{}, E.Cause(err, "merge config at ", options.path)
 		}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch.go
@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"

+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@ -32,7 +34,10 @@ func init() {
 	commandTools.AddCommand(commandFetch)
 }

-var httpClient *http.Client
+var (
+	httpClient  *http.Client
+	http3Client *http.Client
+)

 func fetch(args []string) error {
 	instance, err := createPreStartedClient()
@ -53,8 +58,16 @@ func fetch(args []string) error {
 		},
 	}
 	defer httpClient.CloseIdleConnections()
+	if C.WithQUIC {
+		err = initializeHTTP3Client(instance)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer http3Client.CloseIdleConnections()
+	}
 	for _, urlString := range args {
-		parsedURL, err := url.Parse(urlString)
+		var parsedURL *url.URL
+		parsedURL, err = url.Parse(urlString)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@ -63,16 +76,27 @@ func fetch(args []string) error {
 			parsedURL.Scheme = "http"
 			fallthrough
 		case "http", "https":
-			err = fetchHTTP(parsedURL)
+			err = fetchHTTP(httpClient, parsedURL)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+		case "http3":
+			if !C.WithQUIC {
+				return C.ErrQUICNotIncluded
+			}
+			parsedURL.Scheme = "https"
+			err = fetchHTTP(http3Client, parsedURL)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		default:
+			return E.New("unsupported scheme: ", parsedURL.Scheme)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }

-func fetchHTTP(parsedURL *url.URL) error {
+func fetchHTTP(httpClient *http.Client, parsedURL *url.URL) error {
 	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", parsedURL.String(), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3.go
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//go:build with_quic
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go"
+	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go/http3"
+	box "github.com/sagernet/sing-box"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func initializeHTTP3Client(instance *box.Box) error {
+	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, N.NetworkUDP, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	http3Client = &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http3.RoundTripper{
+			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
+				destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(addr)
+				udpConn, dErr := dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination)
+				if dErr != nil {
+					return nil, dErr
+				}
+				return quic.DialEarly(ctx, bufio.NewUnbindPacketConn(udpConn), udpConn.RemoteAddr(), tlsCfg, cfg)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3_stub.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3_stub.go
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build !with_quic
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+
+	box "github.com/sagernet/sing-box"
+)
+
+func initializeHTTP3Client(instance *box.Box) error {
+	return os.ErrInvalid
+}
+
+func fetchHTTP3(parsedURL *url.URL) error {
+	return os.ErrInvalid
+}
--- a/common/dialer/default.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default.go
@ -50,12 +50,26 @@ func NewDefault(router adapter.Router, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDi
 		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
 	}
-	if options.RoutingMark != 0 {
+	var autoRedirectOutputMark uint32
+	if router != nil {
+		autoRedirectOutputMark = router.AutoRedirectOutputMark()
+	}
+	if autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(autoRedirectOutputMark))
+		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(autoRedirectOutputMark))
+	}
+	if options.RoutingMark > 0 {
 		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(options.RoutingMark))
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(options.RoutingMark))
-	} else if router != nil && router.DefaultMark() != 0 {
+		if autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
+			return nil, E.New("`auto_redirect` with `route_[_exclude]_address_set is conflict with `routing_mark`")
+		}
+	} else if router != nil && router.DefaultMark() > 0 {
 		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(router.DefaultMark()))
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(router.DefaultMark()))
+		if autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
+			return nil, E.New("`auto_redirect` with `route_[_exclude]_address_set is conflict with `default_mark`")
+		}
 	}
 	if options.ReuseAddr {
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.ReuseAddr())
--- a/common/geosite/reader.go
+++ b/common/geosite/reader.go
@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 package geosite

 import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"sync/atomic"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 type Reader struct {
@ -34,45 +38,36 @@ func Open(path string) (*Reader, []string, error) {
 	return reader, codes, nil
 }

+type geositeMetadata struct {
+	Code   string
+	Index  uint64
+	Length uint64
+}
+
 func (r *Reader) readMetadata() error {
-	version, err := rw.ReadByte(r.reader)
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(r.reader)
+	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if version != 0 {
 		return E.New("unknown version")
 	}
-	entryLength, err := rw.ReadUVariant(r.reader)
+	metadataEntries, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]geositeMetadata](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	keys := make([]string, entryLength)
 	domainIndex := make(map[string]int)
 	domainLength := make(map[string]int)
-	for i := 0; i < int(entryLength); i++ {
-		var (
-			code       string
-			codeIndex  uint64
-			codeLength uint64
-		)
-		code, err = rw.ReadVString(r.reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		keys[i] = code
-		codeIndex, err = rw.ReadUVariant(r.reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		codeLength, err = rw.ReadUVariant(r.reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		domainIndex[code] = int(codeIndex)
-		domainLength[code] = int(codeLength)
+	for _, entry := range metadataEntries {
+		domainIndex[entry.Code] = int(entry.Index)
+		domainLength[entry.Code] = int(entry.Length)
 	}
 	r.domainIndex = domainIndex
 	r.domainLength = domainLength
+	if reader.Buffered() > 0 {
+		return common.Error(r.reader.Seek(int64(-reader.Buffered()), io.SeekCurrent))
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@ -85,27 +80,28 @@ func (r *Reader) Read(code string) ([]Item, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	counter := &rw.ReadCounter{Reader: r.reader}
-	domain := make([]Item, r.domainLength[code])
-	for i := range domain {
-		var (
-			item Item
-			err  error
-		)
-		item.Type, err = rw.ReadByte(counter)
+	counter := &readCounter{Reader: r.reader}
+	domain, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]Item](bufio.NewReader(counter), binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-		item.Value, err = rw.ReadVString(counter)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		domain[i] = item
-	}
-	_, err = r.reader.Seek(int64(-index)-counter.Count(), io.SeekCurrent)
+	_, err = r.reader.Seek(int64(-index)-counter.count, io.SeekCurrent)
 	return domain, err
 }

 func (r *Reader) Upstream() any {
 	return r.reader
 }
+
+type readCounter struct {
+	io.Reader
+	count int64
+}
+
+func (r *readCounter) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = r.Reader.Read(p)
+	if n > 0 {
+		atomic.AddInt64(&r.count, int64(n))
+	}
+	return
+}
--- a/common/geosite/writer.go
+++ b/common/geosite/writer.go
@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ package geosite

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"io"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"sort"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

-func Write(writer io.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
+func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	keys := make([]string, 0, len(domains))
 	for code := range domains {
 		keys = append(keys, code)
@ -19,40 +20,28 @@ func Write(writer io.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	index := make(map[string]int)
 	for _, code := range keys {
 		index[code] = content.Len()
-		for _, domain := range domains[code] {
-			content.WriteByte(domain.Type)
-			err := rw.WriteVString(content, domain.Value)
+		err := varbin.Write(content, binary.BigEndian, domains[code])
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	}

-	err := rw.WriteByte(writer, 0)
+	err := writer.WriteByte(0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(len(keys)))
+	err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, common.Map(keys, func(it string) *geositeMetadata {
+		return &geositeMetadata{
+			Code:   it,
+			Index:  uint64(index[it]),
+			Length: uint64(len(domains[it])),
+		}
+	}))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	for _, code := range keys {
-		err = rw.WriteVString(writer, code)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(index[code]))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(len(domains[code])))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
 	_, err = writer.Write(content.Bytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/common/sniff/bittorrent.go
+++ b/common/sniff/bittorrent.go
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package sniff
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+)
+
+const (
+	trackerConnectFlag = iota
+	trackerAnnounceFlag
+	trackerScrapeFlag
+
+	trackerProtocolID = 0x41727101980
+
+	trackerConnectMinSize  = 16
+	trackerAnnounceMinSize = 20
+	trackerScrapeMinSize   = 8
+)
+
+// BitTorrent detects if the stream is a BitTorrent connection.
+// For the BitTorrent protocol specification, see https://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0003.html
+func BitTorrent(_ context.Context, reader io.Reader) (*adapter.InboundContext, error) {
+	var first byte
+	err := binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &first)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if first != 19 {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	var protocol [19]byte
+	_, err = reader.Read(protocol[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if string(protocol[:]) != "BitTorrent protocol" {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	return &adapter.InboundContext{
+		Protocol: C.ProtocolBitTorrent,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// UTP detects if the packet is a uTP connection packet.
+// For the uTP protocol specification, see
+//  1. https://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0029.html
+//  2. https://github.com/bittorrent/libutp/blob/2b364cbb0650bdab64a5de2abb4518f9f228ec44/utp_internal.cpp#L112
+func UTP(_ context.Context, packet []byte) (*adapter.InboundContext, error) {
+	// A valid uTP packet must be at least 20 bytes long.
+	if len(packet) < 20 {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	version := packet[0] & 0x0F
+	ty := packet[0] >> 4
+	if version != 1 || ty > 4 {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	// Validate the extensions
+	extension := packet[1]
+	reader := bytes.NewReader(packet[20:])
+	for extension != 0 {
+		err := binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &extension)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		var length byte
+		err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &length)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		_, err = reader.Seek(int64(length), io.SeekCurrent)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &adapter.InboundContext{
+		Protocol: C.ProtocolBitTorrent,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// UDPTracker detects if the packet is a UDP Tracker Protocol packet.
+// For the UDP Tracker Protocol specification, see https://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0015.html
+func UDPTracker(_ context.Context, packet []byte) (*adapter.InboundContext, error) {
+	switch {
+	case len(packet) >= trackerConnectMinSize &&
+		binary.BigEndian.Uint64(packet[:8]) == trackerProtocolID &&
+		binary.BigEndian.Uint32(packet[8:12]) == trackerConnectFlag:
+		fallthrough
+	case len(packet) >= trackerAnnounceMinSize &&
+		binary.BigEndian.Uint32(packet[8:12]) == trackerAnnounceFlag:
+		fallthrough
+	case len(packet) >= trackerScrapeMinSize &&
+		binary.BigEndian.Uint32(packet[8:12]) == trackerScrapeFlag:
+		return &adapter.InboundContext{
+			Protocol: C.ProtocolBitTorrent,
+		}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+}
--- a/common/sniff/bittorrent_test.go
+++ b/common/sniff/bittorrent_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package sniff_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/sniff"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSniffBittorrent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	packets := []string{
+		"13426974546f7272656e742070726f746f636f6c0000000000100000e21ea9569b69bab33c97851d0298bdfa89bc90922d5554313631302dea812fcd6a3563e3be40c1d1",
+		"13426974546f7272656e742070726f746f636f6c00000000001000052aa4f5a7e209e54b32803d43670971c4c8caaa052d5452333030302d653369733079647675763638",
+		"13426974546f7272656e742070726f746f636f6c00000000001000052aa4f5a7e209e54b32803d43670971c4c8caaa052d5452343035302d6f7a316c6e79377931716130",
+	}
+
+	for _, pkt := range packets {
+		pkt, err := hex.DecodeString(pkt)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		metadata, err := sniff.BitTorrent(context.TODO(), bytes.NewReader(pkt))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, C.ProtocolBitTorrent, metadata.Protocol)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSniffUTP(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	packets := []string{
+		"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",
+		"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",
+		"21001ecb6817f2805d044fd700100000dbd03029",
+		"410277ef0b1fb1f60000000000040000c233000000080000000000000000",
+	}
+
+	for _, pkt := range packets {
+		pkt, err := hex.DecodeString(pkt)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		metadata, err := sniff.UTP(context.TODO(), pkt)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, C.ProtocolBitTorrent, metadata.Protocol)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSniffUDPTracker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	connectPackets := []string{
+		// connect packets
+		"00000417271019800000000078e90560",
+		"00000417271019800000000022c5d64d",
+		"000004172710198000000000b3863541",
+
+		// announce packets
+		"3d7592ead4b8c9e300000001b871a3820000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002092f616e6e6f756e6365",
+		"3d7592ead4b8c9e30000000188deed1c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002092f616e6e6f756e6365",
+		"3d7592ead4b8c9e300000001ceb948ad0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a3362cdb7020ff920e5aa642c3d4066950dd1f01f4d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002092f616e6e6f756e6365",
+
+		// scrape packets
+		"3d7592ead4b8c9e300000002d2f4bba5a94a8fe5ccb19ba61c4c0873d391e987982fbbd3",
+		"3d7592ead4b8c9e300000002441243292aae6c35c94fcfb415dbe95f408b9ce91ee846ed",
+		"3d7592ead4b8c9e300000002b2aa461b1ad1fa9661cf3fe45fb2504ad52ec6c67758e294",
+	}
+
+	for _, pkt := range connectPackets {
+		pkt, err := hex.DecodeString(pkt)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		metadata, err := sniff.UDPTracker(context.TODO(), pkt)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, C.ProtocolBitTorrent, metadata.Protocol)
+	}
+}
--- a/common/sniff/dtls.go
+++ b/common/sniff/dtls.go
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package sniff
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+)
+
+func DTLSRecord(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) (*adapter.InboundContext, error) {
+	const fixedHeaderSize = 13
+	if len(packet) < fixedHeaderSize {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	contentType := packet[0]
+	switch contentType {
+	case 20, 21, 22, 23, 25:
+	default:
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	versionMajor := packet[1]
+	if versionMajor != 0xfe {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	versionMinor := packet[2]
+	if versionMinor != 0xff && versionMinor != 0xfd {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	return &adapter.InboundContext{Protocol: C.ProtocolDTLS}, nil
+}
--- a/common/sniff/dtls_test.go
+++ b/common/sniff/dtls_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package sniff_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/sniff"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSniffDTLSClientHello(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	packet, err := hex.DecodeString("16fefd0000000000000000007e010000720000000000000072fefd668a43523798e064bd806d0c87660de9c611a59bbdfc3892c4e072d94f2cafc40000000cc02bc02fc00ac014c02cc0300100003c000d0010000e0403050306030401050106010807ff01000100000a00080006001d00170018000b00020100000e000900060008000700010000170000")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	metadata, err := sniff.DTLSRecord(context.Background(), packet)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, metadata.Protocol, C.ProtocolDTLS)
+}
+
+func TestSniffDTLSClientApplicationData(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	packet, err := hex.DecodeString("17fefd000100000000000100440001000000000001a4f682b77ecadd10f3f3a2f78d90566212366ff8209fd77314f5a49352f9bb9bd12f4daba0b4736ae29e46b9714d3b424b3e6d0234736619b5aa0d3f")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	metadata, err := sniff.DTLSRecord(context.Background(), packet)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, metadata.Protocol, C.ProtocolDTLS)
+}
--- a/common/srs/binary.go
+++ b/common/srs/binary.go
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package srs

 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"compress/zlib"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/domain"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"

 	"go4.org/netipx"
 )
@ -38,14 +39,14 @@ const (
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )

-func Read(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet, err error) {
+func Read(reader io.Reader, recover bool) (ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet, err error) {
 	var magicBytes [3]byte
 	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, magicBytes[:])
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	if magicBytes != MagicBytes {
-		err = E.New("invalid sing-box rule set file")
+		err = E.New("invalid sing-box rule-set file")
 		return
 	}
 	var version uint8
@ -60,13 +61,14 @@ func Read(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet, err err
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	length, err := rw.ReadUVariant(zReader)
+	bReader := bufio.NewReader(zReader)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(bReader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	ruleSet.Rules = make([]option.HeadlessRule, length)
 	for i := uint64(0); i < length; i++ {
-		ruleSet.Rules[i], err = readRule(zReader, recovery)
+		ruleSet.Rules[i], err = readRule(bReader, recover)
 		if err != nil {
 			err = E.Cause(err, "read rule[", i, "]")
 			return
@ -88,20 +90,25 @@ func Write(writer io.Writer, ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteUVariant(zWriter, uint64(len(ruleSet.Rules)))
+	bWriter := bufio.NewWriter(zWriter)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(bWriter, uint64(len(ruleSet.Rules)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, rule := range ruleSet.Rules {
-		err = writeRule(zWriter, rule)
+		err = writeRule(bWriter, rule)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	err = bWriter.Flush()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	return zWriter.Close()
 }

-func readRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (rule option.HeadlessRule, err error) {
+func readRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.HeadlessRule, err error) {
 	var ruleType uint8
 	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ruleType)
 	if err != nil {
@ -110,17 +117,17 @@ func readRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (rule option.HeadlessRule, err er
 	switch ruleType {
 	case 0:
 		rule.Type = C.RuleTypeDefault
-		rule.DefaultOptions, err = readDefaultRule(reader, recovery)
+		rule.DefaultOptions, err = readDefaultRule(reader, recover)
 	case 1:
 		rule.Type = C.RuleTypeLogical
-		rule.LogicalOptions, err = readLogicalRule(reader, recovery)
+		rule.LogicalOptions, err = readLogicalRule(reader, recover)
 	default:
 		err = E.New("unknown rule type: ", ruleType)
 	}
 	return
 }

-func writeRule(writer io.Writer, rule option.HeadlessRule) error {
+func writeRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.HeadlessRule) error {
 	switch rule.Type {
 	case C.RuleTypeDefault:
 		return writeDefaultRule(writer, rule.DefaultOptions)
@ -131,7 +138,7 @@ func writeRule(writer io.Writer, rule option.HeadlessRule) error {
 	}
 }

-func readDefaultRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, err error) {
+func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, err error) {
 	var lastItemType uint8
 	for {
 		var itemType uint8
@ -158,6 +165,9 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (rule option.DefaultHeadle
 				return
 			}
 			rule.DomainMatcher = matcher
+			if recover {
+				rule.Domain, rule.DomainSuffix = matcher.Dump()
+			}
 		case ruleItemDomainKeyword:
 			rule.DomainKeyword, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
 		case ruleItemDomainRegex:
@ -167,7 +177,7 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (rule option.DefaultHeadle
 			if err != nil {
 				return
 			}
-			if recovery {
+			if recover {
 				rule.SourceIPCIDR = common.Map(rule.SourceIPSet.Prefixes(), netip.Prefix.String)
 			}
 		case ruleItemIPCIDR:
@ -175,7 +185,7 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (rule option.DefaultHeadle
 			if err != nil {
 				return
 			}
-			if recovery {
+			if recover {
 				rule.IPCIDR = common.Map(rule.IPSet.Prefixes(), netip.Prefix.String)
 			}
 		case ruleItemSourcePort:
@ -209,7 +219,7 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (rule option.DefaultHeadle
 	}
 }

-func writeDefaultRule(writer io.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) error {
+func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) error {
 	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@ -327,73 +337,31 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer io.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func readRuleItemString(reader io.Reader) ([]string, error) {
-	length, err := rw.ReadUVariant(reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	value := make([]string, length)
-	for i := uint64(0); i < length; i++ {
-		value[i], err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return value, nil
+func readRuleItemString(reader varbin.Reader) ([]string, error) {
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 }

-func writeRuleItemString(writer io.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
-	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, itemType)
+func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
+	err := writer.WriteByte(itemType)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(len(value)))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, item := range value {
-		err = rw.WriteVString(writer, item)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
 }

-func readRuleItemUint16(reader io.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
-	length, err := rw.ReadUVariant(reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	value := make([]uint16, length)
-	for i := uint64(0); i < length; i++ {
-		err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &value[i])
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return value, nil
+func readRuleItemUint16(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 }

-func writeRuleItemUint16(writer io.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) error {
-	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, itemType)
+func writeRuleItemUint16(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) error {
+	err := writer.WriteByte(itemType)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(len(value)))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, item := range value {
-		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, item)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
 }

-func writeRuleItemCIDR(writer io.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
+func writeRuleItemCIDR(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
 	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
 	for i, prefixString := range value {
 		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(prefixString)
@ -419,9 +387,8 @@ func writeRuleItemCIDR(writer io.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
 	return writeIPSet(writer, ipSet)
 }

-func readLogicalRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRule, err error) {
-	var mode uint8
-	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &mode)
+func readLogicalRule(reader varbin.Reader, recovery bool) (logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRule, err error) {
+	mode, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@ -434,7 +401,7 @@ func readLogicalRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (logicalRule option.Logica
 		err = E.New("unknown logical mode: ", mode)
 		return
 	}
-	length, err := rw.ReadUVariant(reader)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@ -453,7 +420,7 @@ func readLogicalRule(reader io.Reader, recovery bool) (logicalRule option.Logica
 	return
 }

-func writeLogicalRule(writer io.Writer, logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRule) error {
+func writeLogicalRule(writer varbin.Writer, logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRule) error {
 	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(1))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@ -469,7 +436,7 @@ func writeLogicalRule(writer io.Writer, logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRule)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(len(logicalRule.Rules)))
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(logicalRule.Rules)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/common/srs/ip_set.go
+++ b/common/srs/ip_set.go
@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ package srs

 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"io"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"unsafe"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"

 	"go4.org/netipx"
 )
@ -20,94 +22,57 @@ type myIPRange struct {
 	to   netip.Addr
 }

-func readIPSet(reader io.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
-	var version uint8
-	err := binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &version)
+type myIPRangeData struct {
+	From []byte
+	To   []byte
+}
+
+func readIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if version != 1 {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	// WTF why using uint64 here
 	var length uint64
 	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &length)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	ranges := make([]myIPRangeData, length)
+	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	mySet := &myIPSet{
-		rr: make([]myIPRange, length),
+		rr: make([]myIPRange, len(ranges)),
 	}
-	for i := uint64(0); i < length; i++ {
-		var (
-			fromLen  uint64
-			toLen    uint64
-			fromAddr netip.Addr
-			toAddr   netip.Addr
-		)
-		fromLen, err = rw.ReadUVariant(reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		fromBytes := make([]byte, fromLen)
-		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, fromBytes)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		err = fromAddr.UnmarshalBinary(fromBytes)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		toLen, err = rw.ReadUVariant(reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		toBytes := make([]byte, toLen)
-		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, toBytes)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		err = toAddr.UnmarshalBinary(toBytes)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		mySet.rr[i] = myIPRange{fromAddr, toAddr}
+	for i, rangeData := range ranges {
+		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.From)
+		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.To)
 	}
 	return (*netipx.IPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(mySet)), nil
 }

-func writeIPSet(writer io.Writer, set *netipx.IPSet) error {
-	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(1))
+func writeIPSet(writer varbin.Writer, set *netipx.IPSet) error {
+	err := writer.WriteByte(1)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	mySet := (*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set))
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(mySet.rr)))
+	dataList := common.Map((*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set)).rr, func(rr myIPRange) myIPRangeData {
+		return myIPRangeData{
+			From: rr.from.AsSlice(),
+			To:   rr.to.AsSlice(),
+		}
+	})
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(dataList)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	for _, rr := range mySet.rr {
-		var (
-			fromBinary []byte
-			toBinary   []byte
-		)
-		fromBinary, err = rr.from.MarshalBinary()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(len(fromBinary)))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		_, err = writer.Write(fromBinary)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		toBinary, err = rr.to.MarshalBinary()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = rw.WriteUVariant(writer, uint64(len(toBinary)))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		_, err = writer.Write(toBinary)
+	for _, data := range dataList {
+		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, data)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/common/tls/ech_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_server.go
@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	cftls "github.com/sagernet/cloudflare-tls"
+	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
-
-	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 )

 type echServerConfig struct {
@ -26,9 +25,8 @@ type echServerConfig struct {
 	key             []byte
 	certificatePath string
 	keyPath         string
-	watcher         *fsnotify.Watcher
 	echKeyPath      string
-	echWatcher      *fsnotify.Watcher
+	watcher         *fswatch.Watcher
 }

 func (c *echServerConfig) ServerName() string {
@ -66,128 +64,65 @@ func (c *echServerConfig) Clone() Config {
 }

 func (c *echServerConfig) Start() error {
-	if c.certificatePath != "" && c.keyPath != "" {
 	err := c.startWatcher()
 	if err != nil {
-			c.logger.Warn("create fsnotify watcher: ", err)
-		}
-	}
-	if c.echKeyPath != "" {
-		err := c.startECHWatcher()
-		if err != nil {
-			c.logger.Warn("create fsnotify watcher: ", err)
-		}
+		c.logger.Warn("create credentials watcher: ", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

 func (c *echServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
-	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	var watchPath []string
 	if c.certificatePath != "" {
-		err = watcher.Add(c.certificatePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.certificatePath)
 	}
 	if c.keyPath != "" {
-		err = watcher.Add(c.keyPath)
+		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.keyPath)
+	}
+	if c.echKeyPath != "" {
+		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.echKeyPath)
+	}
+	if len(watchPath) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	watcher, err := fswatch.NewWatcher(fswatch.Options{
+		Path: watchPath,
+		Callback: func(path string) {
+			err := c.credentialsUpdated(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "reload credentials from ", path))
+			}
+		},
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	}
 	c.watcher = watcher
-	go c.loopUpdate()
 	return nil
 }

-func (c *echServerConfig) loopUpdate() {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case event, ok := <-c.watcher.Events:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Write != fsnotify.Write {
-				continue
-			}
-			err := c.reloadKeyPair()
-			if err != nil {
-				c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "reload TLS key pair"))
-			}
-		case err, ok := <-c.watcher.Errors:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "fsnotify error"))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *echServerConfig) reloadKeyPair() error {
-	if c.certificatePath != "" {
+func (c *echServerConfig) credentialsUpdated(path string) error {
+	if path == c.certificatePath || path == c.keyPath {
+		if path == c.certificatePath {
 			certificate, err := os.ReadFile(c.certificatePath)
 			if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, "reload certificate from ", c.certificatePath)
+				return err
 			}
 			c.certificate = certificate
-	}
-	if c.keyPath != "" {
+		} else {
 			key, err := os.ReadFile(c.keyPath)
 			if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, "reload key from ", c.keyPath)
+				return err
 			}
 			c.key = key
 		}
 		keyPair, err := cftls.X509KeyPair(c.certificate, c.key)
 		if err != nil {
-		return E.Cause(err, "reload key pair")
+			return E.Cause(err, "parse key pair")
 		}
 		c.config.Certificates = []cftls.Certificate{keyPair}
 		c.logger.Info("reloaded TLS certificate")
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *echServerConfig) startECHWatcher() error {
-	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = watcher.Add(c.echKeyPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	c.echWatcher = watcher
-	go c.loopECHUpdate()
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *echServerConfig) loopECHUpdate() {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case event, ok := <-c.echWatcher.Events:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Write != fsnotify.Write {
-				continue
-			}
-			err := c.reloadECHKey()
-			if err != nil {
-				c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "reload ECH key"))
-			}
-		case err, ok := <-c.echWatcher.Errors:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "fsnotify error"))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *echServerConfig) reloadECHKey() error {
+	} else {
 		echKeyContent, err := os.ReadFile(c.echKeyPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@ -206,6 +141,7 @@ func (c *echServerConfig) reloadECHKey() error {
 		}
 		c.config.ServerECHProvider = echKeySet
 		c.logger.Info("reloaded ECH keys")
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@ -213,12 +149,7 @@ func (c *echServerConfig) Close() error {
 	var err error
 	if c.watcher != nil {
 		err = E.Append(err, c.watcher.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close certificate watcher")
-		})
-	}
-	if c.echWatcher != nil {
-		err = E.Append(err, c.echWatcher.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close ECH key watcher")
+			return E.Cause(err, "close credentials watcher")
 		})
 	}
 	return err
--- a/common/tls/std_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_server.go
@ -7,14 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"

+	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
-
-	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 )

 var errInsecureUnused = E.New("tls: insecure unused")
@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ type STDServerConfig struct {
 	key             []byte
 	certificatePath string
 	keyPath         string
-	watcher         *fsnotify.Watcher
+	watcher         *fswatch.Watcher
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) ServerName() string {
@ -88,59 +87,37 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) Start() error {
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
-	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	var watchPath []string
 	if c.certificatePath != "" {
-		err = watcher.Add(c.certificatePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.certificatePath)
 	}
 	if c.keyPath != "" {
-		err = watcher.Add(c.keyPath)
+		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.keyPath)
+	}
+	watcher, err := fswatch.NewWatcher(fswatch.Options{
+		Path: watchPath,
+		Callback: func(path string) {
+			err := c.certificateUpdated(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				c.logger.Error(err)
+			}
+		},
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	}
 	c.watcher = watcher
-	go c.loopUpdate()
 	return nil
 }

-func (c *STDServerConfig) loopUpdate() {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case event, ok := <-c.watcher.Events:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Write != fsnotify.Write {
-				continue
-			}
-			err := c.reloadKeyPair()
-			if err != nil {
-				c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "reload TLS key pair"))
-			}
-		case err, ok := <-c.watcher.Errors:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "fsnotify error"))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *STDServerConfig) reloadKeyPair() error {
-	if c.certificatePath != "" {
+func (c *STDServerConfig) certificateUpdated(path string) error {
+	if path == c.certificatePath {
 		certificate, err := os.ReadFile(c.certificatePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "reload certificate from ", c.certificatePath)
 		}
 		c.certificate = certificate
-	}
-	if c.keyPath != "" {
+	} else if path == c.keyPath {
 		key, err := os.ReadFile(c.keyPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "reload key from ", c.keyPath)
--- a/constant/path.go
+++ b/constant/path.go
@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ var resourcePaths []string

 func FindPath(name string) (string, bool) {
 	name = os.ExpandEnv(name)
-	if rw.FileExists(name) {
+	if rw.IsFile(name) {
 		return name, true
 	}
 	for _, dir := range resourcePaths {
-		if path := filepath.Join(dir, dirName, name); rw.FileExists(path) {
+		if path := filepath.Join(dir, dirName, name); rw.IsFile(path) {
 			return path, true
 		}
-		if path := filepath.Join(dir, name); rw.FileExists(path) {
+		if path := filepath.Join(dir, name); rw.IsFile(path) {
 			return path, true
 		}
 	}
--- a/constant/protocol.go
+++ b/constant/protocol.go
@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ const (
 	ProtocolQUIC       = "quic"
 	ProtocolDNS        = "dns"
 	ProtocolSTUN       = "stun"
+	ProtocolBitTorrent = "bittorrent"
+	ProtocolDTLS       = "dtls"
 )
--- a/constant/proxy.go
+++ b/constant/proxy.go
@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ const (

 func ProxyDisplayName(proxyType string) string {
 	switch proxyType {
+	case TypeTun:
+		return "TUN"
+	case TypeRedirect:
+		return "Redirect"
+	case TypeTProxy:
+		return "TProxy"
 	case TypeDirect:
 		return "Direct"
 	case TypeBlock:
@ -42,6 +48,8 @@ func ProxyDisplayName(proxyType string) string {
 		return "SOCKS"
 	case TypeHTTP:
 		return "HTTP"
+	case TypeMixed:
+		return "Mixed"
 	case TypeShadowsocks:
 		return "Shadowsocks"
 	case TypeVMess:
--- a/constant/rule.go
+++ b/constant/rule.go
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const (
 )

 const (
+	RuleSetTypeInline   = "inline"
 	RuleSetTypeLocal    = "local"
 	RuleSetTypeRemote   = "remote"
 	RuleSetVersion1     = 1
--- a/docs/changelog.md
+++ b/docs/changelog.md
@ -2,19 +2,183 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---

+#### 1.10.0-alpha.20
+
+* Add DTLS sniffer
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.19
+
+* Add `rule-set decompile` command
+* Add IP address support for `rule-set match` command
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.18
+
+* Add new `inline` rule-set type **1**
+* Add auto reload support for local rule-set
+* Update fsnotify usages **2**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+The new [rule-set] type inline (which also becomes the default type)
+allows you to write headless rules directly without creating a rule-set file.
+
+[rule-set]: /configuration/rule-set/
+
+**2**:
+
+sing-box now uses fsnotify correctly and will not cancel watching
+if the target file is deleted or recreated via rename (e.g. `mv`).
+
+This affects all path options that support reload, including
+`tls.certificate_path`, `tls.key_path`, `tls.ech.key_path` and `rule_set.path`.
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.17
+
+* Some chaotic changes **1**
+* `rule_set_ipcidr_match_source` rule items are renamed **2**
+* Add `rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty` DNS address filter rule item **3**
+* Update quic-go to v0.45.1
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+Something may be broken, please actively report problems with this version.
+
+**2**:
+
+`rule_set_ipcidr_match_source` route and DNS rule items are renamed to
+`rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source` and will be remove in sing-box 1.11.0.
+
+**3**:
+
+See [DNS Rule](/configuration/dns/rule/#rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty).
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.16
+
+* Add custom options for `auto-route` and `auto-redirect` **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+See [iproute2_table_index](/configuration/inbound/tun/#iproute2_table_index),
+[iproute2_rule_index](/configuration/inbound/tun/#iproute2_rule_index),
+[auto_redirect_input_mark](/configuration/inbound/tun/#auto_redirect_input_mark) and
+[auto_redirect_output_mark](/configuration/inbound/tun/#auto_redirect_output_mark).
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.13
+
+* TUN address fields are merged **1**
+* Add route address set support for auto-redirect **2**
+
+**1**:
+
+See [Migration](/migration/#tun-address-fields-are-merged).
+
+**2**:
+
+The new feature will allow you to configure the destination IP CIDR rules
+in the specified rule-sets to the firewall automatically.
+
+Specified or unspecified destinations will bypass the sing-box routes to get better performance
+(for example, keep hardware offloading of direct traffics on the router).
+
+See [route_address_set](/configuration/inbound/tun/#route_address_set)
+and [route_exclude_address_set](/configuration/inbound/tun/#route_exclude_address_set).
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.12
+
+* Fix auto-redirect not configuring nftables forward chain correctly
+* Fixes and improvements

 ### 1.9.3

 * Fixes and improvements

+#### 1.10.0-alpha.10
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
 ### 1.9.2

 * Fixes and improvements

+#### 1.10.0-alpha.8
+
+* Drop support for go1.18 and go1.19 **1**
+* Update quic-go to v0.45.0
+* Update Hysteria2 BBR congestion control
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.10.0 requires at least Go 1.20 to compile.
+
 ### 1.9.1

 * Fixes and improvements

+#### 1.10.0-alpha.7
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.5
+
+* Improve auto-redirect **1**
+
+**1**:
+
+nftables support and DNS hijacking has been added.
+
+Tun inbounds with `auto_route` and `auto_redirect` now works as expected on routers **without intervention**.
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.4
+
+* Fix auto-redirect **1**
+* Improve auto-route on linux **2**
+
+**1**:
+
+Tun inbounds with `auto_route` and `auto_redirect` now works as expected on routers.
+
+**2**:
+
+Tun inbounds with `auto_route` and `strict_route` now works as expected on routers and servers,
+but the usages of [exclude_interface](/configuration/inbound/tun/#exclude_interface) need to be updated.
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.2
+
+* Move auto-redirect to Tun **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+Linux support are added.
+
+See [Tun](/configuration/inbound/tun/#auto_redirect).
+
+#### 1.10.0-alpha.1
+
+* Add tailing comma support in JSON configuration
+* Add simple auto-redirect for Android **1**
+* Add BitTorrent sniffer **2**
+
+**1**:
+
+It allows you to use redirect inbound in the sing-box Android client
+and automatically configures IPv4 TCP redirection via su.
+
+This may alleviate the symptoms of some OCD patients who think that
+redirect can effectively save power compared to the system HTTP Proxy.
+
+See [Redirect](/configuration/inbound/redirect/).
+
+**2**:
+
+See [Protocol Sniff](/configuration/route/sniff/).
+
 ### 1.9.0

 * Fixes and improvements
@ -318,7 +482,7 @@ See [Address Filter Fields](/configuration/dns/rule#address-filter-fields).
 Important changes since 1.7:

 * Migrate cache file from Clash API to independent options **1**
-* Introducing [Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/) **2**
+* Introducing [rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/) **2**
 * Add `sing-box geoip`, `sing-box geosite` and `sing-box rule-set` commands **3**
 * Allow nested logical rules **4**
 * Independent `source_ip_is_private` and `ip_is_private` rules **5**
@ -338,7 +502,7 @@ See [Cache File](/configuration/experimental/cache-file/) and

 **2**:

-Rule set is independent collections of rules that can be compiled into binaries to improve performance.
+rule-set is independent collections of rules that can be compiled into binaries to improve performance.
 Compared to legacy GeoIP and Geosite resources,
 it can include more types of rules, load faster,
 use less memory, and update automatically.
@ -346,16 +510,16 @@ use less memory, and update automatically.
 See [Route#rule_set](/configuration/route/#rule_set),
 [Route Rule](/configuration/route/rule/),
 [DNS Rule](/configuration/dns/rule/),
-[Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/),
+[rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/),
 [Source Format](/configuration/rule-set/source-format/) and
 [Headless Rule](/configuration/rule-set/headless-rule/).

-For GEO resources migration, see [Migrate GeoIP to rule sets](/migration/#migrate-geoip-to-rule-sets) and
-[Migrate Geosite to rule sets](/migration/#migrate-geosite-to-rule-sets).
+For GEO resources migration, see [Migrate GeoIP to rule-sets](/migration/#migrate-geoip-to-rule-sets) and
+[Migrate Geosite to rule-sets](/migration/#migrate-geosite-to-rule-sets).

 **3**:

-New commands manage GeoIP, Geosite and rule set resources, and help you migrate GEO resources to rule sets.
+New commands manage GeoIP, Geosite and rule-set resources, and help you migrate GEO resources to rule-sets.

 **4**:

@ -552,7 +716,7 @@ This change is intended to break incorrect usage and essentially requires no act

 **1**:

-Now the rules in the `rule_set` rule item can be logically considered to be merged into the rule using rule sets,
+Now the rules in the `rule_set` rule item can be logically considered to be merged into the rule using rule-sets,
 rather than completely following the AND logic.

 #### 1.8.0-alpha.5
@ -568,7 +732,7 @@ Since GeoIP was deprecated, we made this rule independent, see [Migration](/migr
 #### 1.8.0-alpha.1

 * Migrate cache file from Clash API to independent options **1**
-* Introducing [Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/) **2**
+* Introducing [rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/) **2**
 * Add `sing-box geoip`, `sing-box geosite` and `sing-box rule-set` commands **3**
 * Allow nested logical rules **4**

@ -579,7 +743,7 @@ See [Cache File](/configuration/experimental/cache-file/) and

 **2**:

-Rule set is independent collections of rules that can be compiled into binaries to improve performance.
+rule-set is independent collections of rules that can be compiled into binaries to improve performance.
 Compared to legacy GeoIP and Geosite resources,
 it can include more types of rules, load faster,
 use less memory, and update automatically.
@ -587,16 +751,16 @@ use less memory, and update automatically.
 See [Route#rule_set](/configuration/route/#rule_set),
 [Route Rule](/configuration/route/rule/),
 [DNS Rule](/configuration/dns/rule/),
-[Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/),
+[rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/),
 [Source Format](/configuration/rule-set/source-format/) and
 [Headless Rule](/configuration/rule-set/headless-rule/).

-For GEO resources migration, see [Migrate GeoIP to rule sets](/migration/#migrate-geoip-to-rule-sets) and
-[Migrate Geosite to rule sets](/migration/#migrate-geosite-to-rule-sets).
+For GEO resources migration, see [Migrate GeoIP to rule-sets](/migration/#migrate-geoip-to-rule-sets) and
+[Migrate Geosite to rule-sets](/migration/#migrate-geosite-to-rule-sets).

 **3**:

-New commands manage GeoIP, Geosite and rule set resources, and help you migrate GEO resources to rule sets.
+New commands manage GeoIP, Geosite and rule-set resources, and help you migrate GEO resources to rule-sets.

 **4**:

--- a/docs/configuration/dns/rule.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/rule.md
@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---

+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    :material-delete-clock: [rule_set_ipcidr_match_source](#rule_set_ipcidr_match_source)  
+    :material-plus: [rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source](#rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source)  
+    :material-plus: [rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty](#rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.9.0"

    :material-plus: [geoip](#geoip)  
@ -117,7 +123,10 @@ icon: material/new-box
          "geoip-cn",
          "geosite-cn"
        ],
+        // deprecated
        "rule_set_ipcidr_match_source": false,
+        "rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source": false,
+        "rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty": false,
        "invert": false,
        "outbound": [
          "direct"
@ -157,7 +166,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
    (`source_port` || `source_port_range`) &&  
    `other fields`

-    Additionally, included rule sets can be considered merged rather than as a single rule sub-item.
+    Additionally, included rule-sets can be considered merged rather than as a single rule sub-item.

 #### inbound

@ -303,13 +312,23 @@ Match WiFi BSSID.

 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.8.0"

-Match [Rule Set](/configuration/route/#rule_set).
+Match [rule-set](/configuration/route/#rule_set).

 #### rule_set_ipcidr_match_source

 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.9.0"

-Make `ipcidr` in rule sets match the source IP.
+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+    
+    `rule_set_ipcidr_match_source` is renamed to `rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source` and will be remove in sing-box 1.11.0.
+
+Make `ip_cidr` rule items in rule-sets match the source IP.
+
+#### rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Make `ip_cidr` rule items in rule-sets match the source IP.

 #### invert

@ -347,11 +366,11 @@ Will overrides `dns.client_subnet` and `servers.[].client_subnet`.

 ### Address Filter Fields

-Only takes effect for IP address requests. When the query results do not match the address filtering rule items, the current rule will be skipped.
+Only takes effect for address requests (A/AAAA/HTTPS). When the query results do not match the address filtering rule items, the current rule will be skipped.

 !!! info ""

-    `ip_cidr` items in included rule sets also takes effect as an address filtering field.
+    `ip_cidr` items in included rule-sets also takes effect as an address filtering field.

 !!! note ""

@ -375,6 +394,12 @@ Match IP CIDR with query response.

 Match private IP with query response.

+#### rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Make `ip_cidr` rules in rule-sets accept empty query response.
+
 ### Logical Fields

 #### type
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/rule.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/rule.zh.md
@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---

+!!! quote "sing-box 1.10.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-delete-clock: [rule_set_ipcidr_match_source](#rule_set_ipcidr_match_source)  
+    :material-plus: [rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source](#rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source)  
+    :material-plus: [rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty](#rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.9.0 中的更改"

    :material-plus: [geoip](#geoip)  
@ -117,7 +123,10 @@ icon: material/new-box
          "geoip-cn",
          "geosite-cn"
        ],
+        // 已弃用
        "rule_set_ipcidr_match_source": false,
+        "rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source": false,
+        "rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty": false,
        "invert": false,
        "outbound": [
          "direct"
@ -307,7 +316,17 @@ DNS 查询类型。值可以为整数或者类型名称字符串。

 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.9.0 起"

-使规则集中的 `ipcidr` 规则匹配源 IP。
+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `rule_set_ipcidr_match_source` 已重命名为 `rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
+使规则集中的 `ip_cidr` 规则匹配源 IP。
+
+#### rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+使规则集中的 `ip_cidr` 规则匹配源 IP。

 #### invert

@ -345,7 +364,7 @@ DNS 查询类型。值可以为整数或者类型名称字符串。

 ### 地址筛选字段

-仅对IP地址请求生效。 当查询结果与地址筛选规则项不匹配时，将跳过当前规则。
+仅对地址请求 (A/AAAA/HTTPS) 生效。 当查询结果与地址筛选规则项不匹配时，将跳过当前规则。

 !!! info ""

@ -365,7 +384,7 @@ DNS 查询类型。值可以为整数或者类型名称字符串。

 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.9.0 起"

-与查询相应匹配 IP CIDR。
+与查询响应匹配 IP CIDR。

 #### ip_is_private

@ -373,6 +392,12 @@ DNS 查询类型。值可以为整数或者类型名称字符串。

 与查询响应匹配非公开 IP。

+#### rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+使规则集中的 `ip_cidr` 规则接受空查询响应。
+
 ### 逻辑字段

 #### type
--- a/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.md
@ -2,6 +2,25 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---

+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [address](#address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet4_address](#inet4_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet6_address](#inet6_address)  
+    :material-plus: [route_address](#route_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet4_route_address](#inet4_route_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet6_route_address](#inet6_route_address)  
+    :material-plus: [route_exclude_address](#route_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet4_route_exclude_address](#inet4_route_exclude_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet6_route_exclude_address](#inet6_route_exclude_address)  
+    :material-plus: [iproute2_table_index](#iproute2_table_index)  
+    :material-plus: [iproute2_rule_index](#iproute2_table_index)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect](#auto_redirect)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_input_mark](#auto_redirect_input_mark)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_output_mark](#auto_redirect_output_mark)  
+    :material-plus: [route_address_set](#route_address_set)  
+    :material-plus: [route_exclude_address_set](#route_address_set)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.9.0"

    :material-plus: [platform.http_proxy.bypass_domain](#platformhttp_proxybypass_domain)  
@ -23,26 +42,61 @@ icon: material/new-box
  "type": "tun",
  "tag": "tun-in",
  "interface_name": "tun0",
-  "inet4_address": "172.19.0.1/30",
-  "inet6_address": "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126",
+  "address": [
+    "172.18.0.1/30",
+    "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"
+  ],
+  // deprecated
+  "inet4_address": [
+    "172.19.0.1/30"
+  ],
+  // deprecated
+  "inet6_address": [
+    "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"
+  ],
  "mtu": 9000,
  "gso": false,
  "auto_route": true,
+  "iproute2_table_index": 2022,
+  "iproute2_rule_index": 9000,
+  "auto_redirect": false,
+  "auto_redirect_input_mark": "0x2023",
+  "auto_redirect_output_mark": "0x2024",
  "strict_route": true,
+  "route_address": [
+    "0.0.0.0/1",
+    "128.0.0.0/1",
+    "::/1",
+    "8000::/1"
+  ],
+  // deprecated
  "inet4_route_address": [
    "0.0.0.0/1",
    "128.0.0.0/1"
  ],
+  // deprecated
  "inet6_route_address": [
    "::/1",
    "8000::/1"
  ],
+  "route_exclude_address": [
+    "192.168.0.0/16",
+    "fc00::/7"
+  ],
+  // deprecated
  "inet4_route_exclude_address": [
    "192.168.0.0/16"
  ],
+  // deprecated
  "inet6_route_exclude_address": [
    "fc00::/7"
  ],
+  "route_address_set": [
+    "geoip-cloudflare"
+  ],
+  "route_exclude_address_set": [
+    "geoip-cn"
+  ],
  "endpoint_independent_nat": false,
  "udp_timeout": "5m",
  "stack": "system",
@ -83,8 +137,8 @@ icon: material/new-box
      "match_domain": []
    }
  },
-  
-  ... // Listen Fields
+  ...
+  // Listen Fields
 }
 ```

@ -102,14 +156,26 @@ icon: material/new-box

 Virtual device name, automatically selected if empty.

+#### address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+IPv4 and IPv6 prefix for the tun interface.
+
 #### inet4_address

-==Required==
+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    `inet4_address` is merged to `address` and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0.

 IPv4 prefix for the tun interface.

 #### inet6_address

+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    `inet6_address` is merged to `address` and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0.
+
 IPv6 prefix for the tun interface.

 #### mtu
@ -122,7 +188,7 @@ The maximum transmission unit.

 !!! quote ""

-    Only supported on Linux.
+    Only supported on Linux with `auto_route` enabled.

 Enable generic segmentation offload.

@ -138,6 +204,57 @@ Set the default route to the Tun.

    By default, VPN takes precedence over tun. To make tun go through VPN, enable `route.override_android_vpn`.

+#### iproute2_table_index
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Linux iproute2 table index generated by `auto_route`.
+
+`2022` is used by default.
+
+#### iproute2_rule_index
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Linux iproute2 rule start index generated by `auto_route`.
+
+`9000` is used by default.
+
+#### auto_redirect
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux with `auto_route` enabled.
+
+Automatically configure iptables/nftables to redirect connections.
+
+*In Android*：
+
+Only local connections are forwarded. To share your VPN connection over hotspot or repeater,
+use [VPNHotspot](https://github.com/Mygod/VPNHotspot).
+
+*In Linux*:
+
+`auto_route` with `auto_redirect` now works as expected on routers **without intervention**.
+
+#### auto_redirect_input_mark
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Connection input mark used by `route_address_set` and `route_exclude_address_set`.
+
+`0x2023` is used by default.
+
+#### auto_redirect_output_mark
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Connection output mark used by `route_address_set` and `route_exclude_address_set`.
+
+`0x2024` is used by default.
+
 #### strict_route

 Enforce strict routing rules when `auto_route` is enabled:
@ -145,9 +262,10 @@ Enforce strict routing rules when `auto_route` is enabled:
 *In Linux*:

 * Let unsupported network unreachable
+* Make ICMP traffic route to tun instead of upstream interfaces
 * Route all connections to tun

-It prevents address leaks and makes DNS hijacking work on Android.
+It prevents IP address leaks and makes DNS hijacking work on Android.

 *In Windows*:

@ -156,22 +274,80 @@ It prevents address leaks and makes DNS hijacking work on Android.

 It may prevent some applications (such as VirtualBox) from working properly in certain situations.

+#### route_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Use custom routes instead of default when `auto_route` is enabled.
+
 #### inet4_route_address

+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+`inet4_route_address` is deprecated and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0, please use [route_address](#route_address)
+instead.
+
 Use custom routes instead of default when `auto_route` is enabled.

 #### inet6_route_address

+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+`inet6_route_address` is deprecated and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0, please use [route_address](#route_address)
+instead.
+
 Use custom routes instead of default when `auto_route` is enabled.

+#### route_exclude_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Exclude custom routes when `auto_route` is enabled.
+
 #### inet4_route_exclude_address

+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+`inet4_route_exclude_address` is deprecated and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0, please
+use [route_exclude_address](#route_exclude_address) instead.
+
 Exclude custom routes when `auto_route` is enabled.

 #### inet6_route_exclude_address

+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+`inet6_route_exclude_address` is deprecated and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0, please
+use [route_exclude_address](#route_exclude_address) instead.
+
 Exclude custom routes when `auto_route` is enabled.

+#### route_address_set
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux with nftables and requires `auto_route` and `auto_redirect` enabled.
+
+Add the destination IP CIDR rules in the specified rule-sets to the firewall.
+Unmatched traffic will bypass the sing-box routes.
+
+Conflict with `route.default_mark` and `[dialOptions].routing_mark`.
+
+#### route_exclude_address_set
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux with nftables and requires `auto_route` and `auto_redirect` enabled.
+
+Add the destination IP CIDR rules in the specified rule-sets to the firewall.
+Matched traffic will bypass the sing-box routes.
+
+Conflict with `route.default_mark` and `[dialOptions].routing_mark`.
+
 #### endpoint_independent_nat

 !!! info ""
@ -214,6 +390,10 @@ Conflict with `exclude_interface`.

 #### exclude_interface

+!!! warning ""
+
+    When `strict_route` enabled, return traffic to excluded interfaces will not be automatically excluded, so add them as well (example: `br-lan` and `pppoe-wan`).
+
 Exclude interfaces in route.

 Conflict with `include_interface`.
--- a/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.zh.md
@ -2,6 +2,25 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---

+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [address](#address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet4_address](#inet4_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet6_address](#inet6_address)  
+    :material-plus: [route_address](#route_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet4_route_address](#inet4_route_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet6_route_address](#inet6_route_address)  
+    :material-plus: [route_exclude_address](#route_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet4_route_exclude_address](#inet4_route_exclude_address)  
+    :material-delete-clock: [inet6_route_exclude_address](#inet6_route_exclude_address)   
+    :material-plus: [iproute2_table_index](#iproute2_table_index)  
+    :material-plus: [iproute2_rule_index](#iproute2_table_index)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect](#auto_redirect)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_input_mark](#auto_redirect_input_mark)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_output_mark](#auto_redirect_output_mark)  
+    :material-plus: [route_address_set](#route_address_set)  
+    :material-plus: [route_exclude_address_set](#route_address_set)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.9.0 中的更改"

    :material-plus: [platform.http_proxy.bypass_domain](#platformhttp_proxybypass_domain)  
@ -23,26 +42,61 @@ icon: material/new-box
  "type": "tun",
  "tag": "tun-in",
  "interface_name": "tun0",
-  "inet4_address": "172.19.0.1/30",
-  "inet6_address": "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126",
+  "address": [
+    "172.18.0.1/30",
+    "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"
+  ],
+  // 已弃用
+  "inet4_address": [
+    "172.19.0.1/30"
+  ],
+  // 已弃用
+  "inet6_address": [
+    "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"
+  ],
  "mtu": 9000,
  "gso": false,
  "auto_route": true,
+  "iproute2_table_index": 2022,
+  "iproute2_rule_index": 9000,
+  "auto_redirect": false,
+  "auto_redirect_input_mark": "0x2023",
+  "auto_redirect_output_mark": "0x2024",
  "strict_route": true,
+  "route_address": [
+    "0.0.0.0/1",
+    "128.0.0.0/1",
+    "::/1",
+    "8000::/1"
+  ],
+  // 已弃用
  "inet4_route_address": [
    "0.0.0.0/1",
    "128.0.0.0/1"
  ],
+  // 已弃用
  "inet6_route_address": [
    "::/1",
    "8000::/1"
  ],
+  "route_exclude_address": [
+    "192.168.0.0/16",
+    "fc00::/7"
+  ],
+  // 已弃用
  "inet4_route_exclude_address": [
    "192.168.0.0/16"
  ],
+  // 已弃用
  "inet6_route_exclude_address": [
    "fc00::/7"
  ],
+  "route_address_set": [
+    "geoip-cloudflare"
+  ],
+  "route_exclude_address_set": [
+    "geoip-cn"
+  ],
  "endpoint_independent_nat": false,
  "udp_timeout": "5m",
  "stack": "system",
@ -102,14 +156,30 @@ icon: material/new-box

 虚拟设备名称，默认自动选择。

+#### address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+==必填==
+
+tun 接口的 IPv4 和 IPv6 前缀。
+
 #### inet4_address

+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `inet4_address` 已合并到 `address` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
 ==必填==

 tun 接口的 IPv4 前缀。

 #### inet6_address

+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `inet6_address` 已合并到 `address` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
 tun 接口的 IPv6 前缀。

 #### mtu
@ -138,6 +208,56 @@ tun 接口的 IPv6 前缀。

    VPN 默认优先于 tun。要使 tun 经过 VPN，启用 `route.override_android_vpn`。

+#### iproute2_table_index
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+`auto_route` 生成的 iproute2 路由表索引。
+
+默认使用 `2022`。
+
+#### iproute2_rule_index
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+`auto_route` 生成的 iproute2 规则起始索引。
+
+默认使用 `9000`。
+
+#### auto_redirect
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux，且需要 `auto_route` 已启用。 
+
+自动配置 iptables 以重定向 TCP 连接。
+
+*在 Android 中*：
+
+仅转发本地 IPv4 连接。 要通过热点或中继共享您的 VPN 连接，请使用 [VPNHotspot](https://github.com/Mygod/VPNHotspot)。
+
+*在 Linux 中*:
+
+带有 `auto_redirect `的 `auto_route` 现在可以在路由器上按预期工作，**无需干预**。
+
+#### auto_redirect_input_mark
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+`route_address_set` 和 `route_exclude_address_set` 使用的连接输入标记。
+
+默认使用 `0x2023`。
+
+#### auto_redirect_output_mark
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+`route_address_set` 和 `route_exclude_address_set` 使用的连接输出标记。
+
+默认使用 `0x2024`。
+
 #### strict_route

 启用 `auto_route` 时执行严格的路由规则。
@ -145,9 +265,10 @@ tun 接口的 IPv6 前缀。
 *在 Linux 中*:

 * 让不支持的网络无法到达
+* 使 ICMP 流量路由到 tun 而不是上游接口
 * 将所有连接路由到 tun

-它可以防止地址泄漏，并使 DNS 劫持在 Android 上工作。
+它可以防止 IP 地址泄漏，并使 DNS 劫持在 Android 上工作。

 *在 Windows 中*:

@ -157,22 +278,76 @@ tun 接口的 IPv6 前缀。

 它可能会使某些应用程序（如 VirtualBox）在某些情况下无法正常工作。

+#### route_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+设置到 Tun 的自定义路由。
+
 #### inet4_route_address

+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `inet4_route_address` 已合并到 `route_address` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
 启用 `auto_route` 时使用自定义路由而不是默认路由。

 #### inet6_route_address

+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `inet6_route_address` 已合并到 `route_address` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
 启用 `auto_route` 时使用自定义路由而不是默认路由。

+#### route_exclude_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+设置到 Tun 的排除自定义路由。
+
 #### inet4_route_exclude_address

+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `inet4_route_exclude_address` 已合并到 `route_exclude_address` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
 启用 `auto_route` 时排除自定义路由。

 #### inet6_route_exclude_address

+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `inet6_route_exclude_address` 已合并到 `route_exclude_address` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
 启用 `auto_route` 时排除自定义路由。

+#### route_address_set
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux，且需要 nftables，`auto_route` 和 `auto_redirect` 已启用。 
+
+将指定规则集中的目标 IP CIDR 规则添加到防火墙。
+不匹配的流量将绕过 sing-box 路由。
+
+与 `route.default_mark` 和 `[dialOptions].routing_mark` 冲突。
+
+#### route_exclude_address_set
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux，且需要 nftables，`auto_route` 和 `auto_redirect` 已启用。
+
+将指定规则集中的目标 IP CIDR 规则添加到防火墙。
+匹配的流量将绕过 sing-box 路由。
+
+与 `route.default_mark` 和 `[dialOptions].routing_mark` 冲突。
+
 #### endpoint_independent_nat

 启用独立于端点的 NAT。
@ -211,6 +386,10 @@ TCP/IP 栈。

 #### exclude_interface

+!!! warning ""
+
+    当 `strict_route` 启用，到被排除接口的回程流量将不会被自动排除，因此也要添加它们（例：`br-lan` 与 `pppoe-wan`）。
+
 排除路由的接口。

 与 `include_interface` 冲突。
--- a/docs/configuration/route/index.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/route/index.md
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ List of [Route Rule](./rule/)

 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.8.0"

-List of [Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/)
+List of [rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/)

 #### final

--- a/docs/configuration/route/rule.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/route/rule.md
@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+---
+icon: material/alert-decagram
+---
+
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    :material-delete-clock: [rule_set_ipcidr_match_source](#rule_set_ipcidr_match_source)  
+    :material-plus: [rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source](#rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source)  
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.8.0"

    :material-plus: [rule_set](#rule_set)  
@ -105,7 +114,9 @@
          "geoip-cn",
          "geosite-cn"
        ],
+        // deprecated
        "rule_set_ipcidr_match_source": false,
+        "rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source": false,
        "invert": false,
        "outbound": "direct"
      },
@ -137,7 +148,7 @@
    (`source_port` || `source_port_range`) &&  
    `other fields`

-    Additionally, included rule sets can be considered merged rather than as a single rule sub-item.
+    Additionally, included rule-sets can be considered merged rather than as a single rule sub-item.

 #### inbound

@ -297,13 +308,23 @@ Match WiFi BSSID.

 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.8.0"

-Match [Rule Set](/configuration/route/#rule_set).
+Match [rule-set](/configuration/route/#rule_set).

 #### rule_set_ipcidr_match_source

 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.8.0"

-Make `ipcidr` in rule sets match the source IP.
+!!! failure "Deprecated in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    `rule_set_ipcidr_match_source` is renamed to `rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source` and will be remove in sing-box 1.11.0.
+
+Make `ip_cidr` in rule-sets match the source IP.
+
+#### rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+Make `ip_cidr` in rule-sets match the source IP.

 #### invert

--- a/docs/configuration/route/rule.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/route/rule.zh.md
@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+---
+icon: material/alert-decagram
+---
+
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.10.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-delete-clock: [rule_set_ipcidr_match_source](#rule_set_ipcidr_match_source)  
+    :material-plus: [rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source](#rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source)  
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.8.0 中的更改"

    :material-plus: [rule_set](#rule_set)  
@ -103,7 +112,9 @@
          "geoip-cn",
          "geosite-cn"
        ],
+        // 已弃用
        "rule_set_ipcidr_match_source": false,
+        "rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source": false,
        "invert": false,
        "outbound": "direct"
      },
@ -301,7 +312,17 @@

 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.8.0 起"

-使规则集中的 `ipcidr` 规则匹配源 IP。
+!!! failure "已在 sing-box 1.10.0 废弃"
+
+    `rule_set_ipcidr_match_source` 已重命名为 `rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source` 且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 移除。
+
+使规则集中的 `ip_cidr` 规则匹配源 IP。
+
+#### rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.10.0 起"
+
+使规则集中的 `ip_cidr` 规则匹配源 IP。

 #### invert

--- a/docs/configuration/route/sniff.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/route/sniff.md
@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    :material-plus: BitTorrent support
+    :material-plus: DTLS support
+
 If enabled in the inbound, the protocol and domain name (if present) of by the connection can be sniffed.

 #### Supported Protocols

 | Network |   Protocol   | Domain Name |
-|:-------:|:--------:|:-----------:|
-|   TCP   |   HTTP   |    Host     |
-|   TCP   |   TLS    | Server Name |
-|   UDP   |   QUIC   | Server Name |
-|   UDP   |   STUN   |      /      |
-| TCP/UDP |   DNS    |      /      |
+|:-------:|:------------:|:-----------:|
+|   TCP   |    `http`    |    Host     |
+|   TCP   |    `tls`     | Server Name |
+|   UDP   |    `quic`    | Server Name |
+|   UDP   |    `stun`    |      /      |
+| TCP/UDP |    `dns`     |      /      |
+| TCP/UDP | `bittorrent` |      /      |
+|   UDP   |    `dtls`    |      /      |
--- a/docs/configuration/route/sniff.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/route/sniff.zh.md
@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.10.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: BitTorrent 支持
+    :material-plus: DTLS 支持
+
 如果在入站中启用，则可以嗅探连接的协议和域名（如果存在）。

 #### 支持的协议

 |   网络    |      协议      |     域名      |
-|:-------:|:----:|:-----------:|
-|   TCP   | HTTP |    Host     |
-|   TCP   | TLS  | Server Name |
-|   UDP   | QUIC | Server Name |
-|   UDP   | STUN |      /      |
-| TCP/UDP | DNS  |      /      |
+|:-------:|:------------:|:-----------:|
+|   TCP   |    `http`    |    Host     |
+|   TCP   |    `tls`     | Server Name |
+|   UDP   |    `quic`    | Server Name |
+|   UDP   |    `stun`    |      /      |
+| TCP/UDP |    `dns`     |      /      |
+| TCP/UDP | `bittorrent` |      /      |
+|   UDP   |    `dtls`    |      /      |
--- a/docs/configuration/rule-set/index.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/rule-set/index.md
@ -1,32 +1,41 @@
-# Rule Set
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+    :material-plus: `type: inline`
+
+# rule-set

 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.8.0"

 ### Structure

+=== "Inline"
+
+    !!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
    ```json
    {
-  "type": "",
+      "type": "inline", // optional
      "tag": "",
-  "format": "",
-  
-  ... // Typed Fields
+      "rules": []
    }
    ```

-#### Local Structure
+=== "Local File"

    ```json
    {
      "type": "local",
-  
-  ...
-  
+      "tag": "",
+      "format": "source", // or binary
      "path": ""
    }
    ```

-#### Remote Structure
+=== "Remote File"

    !!! info ""
    
@ -35,12 +44,11 @@
    ```json
    {
      "type": "remote",
-  
-  ...,
-  
+      "tag": "",
+      "format": "source", // or binary
      "url": "",
-  "download_detour": "",
-  "update_interval": ""
+      "download_detour": "", // optional
+      "update_interval": "" // optional
    }
    ```

@ -50,19 +58,31 @@

 ==Required==

-Type of Rule Set, `local` or `remote`.
+Type of rule-set, `local` or `remote`.

 #### tag

 ==Required==

-Tag of Rule Set.
+Tag of rule-set.
+
+### Inline Fields
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.10.0"
+
+#### rules
+
+==Required==
+
+List of [Headless Rule](./headless-rule.md/).
+
+### Local or Remote Fields

 #### format

 ==Required==

-Format of Rule Set, `source` or `binary`.
+Format of rule-set file, `source` or `binary`.

 ### Local Fields

@ -70,7 +90,11 @@ Format of Rule Set, `source` or `binary`.

 ==Required==

-File path of Rule Set.
+!!! note ""
+
+    Will be automatically reloaded if file modified since sing-box 1.10.0.
+
+File path of rule-set.

 ### Remote Fields

@ -78,7 +102,7 @@ File path of Rule Set.

 ==Required==

-Download URL of Rule Set.
+Download URL of rule-set.

 #### download_detour

@ -88,6 +112,6 @@ Default outbound will be used if empty.

 #### update_interval

-Update interval of Rule Set.
+Update interval of rule-set.

 `1d` will be used if empty.
--- a/docs/configuration/rule-set/source-format.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/rule-set/source-format.md
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Use `sing-box rule-set compile [--output <file-name>.srs] <file-name>.json` to c

 ==Required==

-Version of Rule Set, must be `1`.
+Version of rule-set, must be `1`.

 #### rules

--- a/docs/configuration/shared/tls.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/shared/tls.md
@ -178,6 +178,10 @@ The server certificate line array, in PEM format.

 #### certificate_path

+!!! note ""
+
+    Will be automatically reloaded if file modified.
+
 The path to the server certificate, in PEM format.

 #### key
@ -190,6 +194,10 @@ The server private key line array, in PEM format.

 ==Server only==

+!!! note ""
+
+    Will be automatically reloaded if file modified.
+
 The path to the server private key, in PEM format.

 ## Custom TLS support
@ -266,6 +274,10 @@ ECH key line array, in PEM format.

 ==Server only==

+!!! note ""
+
+    Will be automatically reloaded if file modified.
+
 The path to ECH key, in PEM format.

 #### config
@ -398,7 +410,3 @@ A hexadecimal string with zero to eight digits.
 The maximum time difference between the server and the client.

 Check disabled if empty.
-
-### Reload
-
-For server configuration, certificate, key and ECH key will be automatically reloaded if modified.
--- a/docs/configuration/shared/tls.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/shared/tls.zh.md
@ -176,12 +176,20 @@ TLS 版本值：

 #### certificate_path

+!!! note ""
+
+    文件更改时将自动重新加载。
+
 服务器 PEM 证书路径。

 #### key

 ==仅服务器==

+!!! note ""
+
+    文件更改时将自动重新加载。
+
 服务器 PEM 私钥行数组。

 #### key_path
@ -258,6 +266,10 @@ ECH PEM 密钥行数组

 ==仅服务器==

+!!! note ""
+
+    文件更改时将自动重新加载。
+
 ECH PEM 密钥路径

 #### config
@ -384,7 +396,3 @@ ACME DNS01 验证字段。如果配置，将禁用其他验证方法。
 服务器与和客户端之间允许的最大时间差。

 默认禁用检查。
-
-### 重载
-
-对于服务器配置，如果修改，证书和密钥将自动重新加载。
--- a/docs/deprecated.md
+++ b/docs/deprecated.md
@ -4,6 +4,20 @@ icon: material/delete-alert

 # Deprecated Feature List

+## 1.10.0
+
+#### TUN address fields are merged
+
+`inet4_address` and `inet6_address` are merged into `address`,
+`inet4_route_address` and `inet6_route_address` are merged into `route_address`,
+`inet4_route_exclude_address` and `inet6_route_exclude_address` are merged into `route_exclude_address`.
+
+Old fields are deprecated and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0.
+
+#### Drop support for go1.18 and go1.19
+
+Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.10.0 requires at least Go 1.20 to compile.
+
 ## 1.8.0

 #### Cache file and related features in Clash API
@ -19,7 +33,7 @@ The maxmind GeoIP National Database, as an IP classification database,
 is not entirely suitable for traffic bypassing,
 and all existing implementations suffer from high memory usage and difficult management.

-sing-box 1.8.0 introduces [Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/), which can completely replace GeoIP,
+sing-box 1.8.0 introduces [rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/), which can completely replace GeoIP,
 check [Migration](/migration/#migrate-geoip-to-rule-sets).

 #### Geosite
@ -29,7 +43,7 @@ Geosite is deprecated and may be removed in the future.
 Geosite, the `domain-list-community` project maintained by V2Ray as an early traffic bypassing solution,
 suffers from a number of problems, including lack of maintenance, inaccurate rules, and difficult management.

-sing-box 1.8.0 introduces [Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/), which can completely replace Geosite,
+sing-box 1.8.0 introduces [rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/), which can completely replace Geosite,
 check [Migration](/migration/#migrate-geosite-to-rule-sets).

 ## 1.6.0
--- a/docs/deprecated.zh.md
+++ b/docs/deprecated.zh.md
@ -4,6 +4,20 @@ icon: material/delete-alert

 # 废弃功能列表

+## 1.10.0
+
+#### TUN 地址字段已合并
+
+`inet4_address` 和 `inet6_address` 已合并为 `address`，
+`inet4_route_address` 和 `inet6_route_address` 已合并为 `route_address`，
+`inet4_route_exclude_address` 和 `inet6_route_exclude_address` 已合并为 `route_exclude_address`。
+
+旧字段已废弃，且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 中移除。
+
+#### 移除对 go1.18 和 go1.19 的支持
+
+由于维护困难，sing-box 1.10.0 要求至少 Go 1.20 才能编译。
+
 ## 1.8.0

 #### Clash API 中的 Cache file 及相关功能
--- a/docs/migration.md
+++ b/docs/migration.md
@ -2,12 +2,76 @@
 icon: material/arrange-bring-forward
 ---

+## 1.10.0
+
+### TUN address fields are merged
+
+`inet4_address` and `inet6_address` are merged into `address`,
+`inet4_route_address` and `inet6_route_address` are merged into `route_address`,
+`inet4_route_exclude_address` and `inet6_route_exclude_address` are merged into `route_exclude_address`.
+
+Old fields are deprecated and will be removed in sing-box 1.11.0.
+
+!!! info "References"
+
+    [TUN](/configuration/inbound/tun/)
+
+=== ":material-card-remove: Deprecated"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "inbounds": [
+        {
+          "type": "tun",
+          "inet4_address": "172.19.0.1/30",
+          "inet6_address": "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126",
+          "inet4_route_address": [
+            "0.0.0.0/1",
+            "128.0.0.0/1"
+          ],
+          "inet6_route_address": [
+            "::/1",
+            "8000::/1"
+          ],
+          "inet4_route_exclude_address": [
+            "192.168.0.0/16"
+          ],
+          "inet6_route_exclude_address": [
+            "fc00::/7"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    ```
+
+=== ":material-card-multiple: New"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "inbounds": [
+        {
+          "type": "tun",
+          "address": [
+            "172.19.0.1/30",
+            "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"
+          ],
+          "route_address": [
+            "0.0.0.0/1",
+            "128.0.0.0/1",
+            "::/1",
+            "8000::/1"
+          ],
+          "route_exclude_address": [
+            "192.168.0.0/16",
+            "fc00::/7"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    ```
+
 ## 1.9.0

-!!! warning "Unstable"
-
-    This version is still under development, and the following migration guide may be changed in the future.
-
 ### `domain_suffix` behavior update

 For historical reasons, sing-box's `domain_suffix` rule matches literal prefixes instead of the same as other projects.
@ -64,7 +128,7 @@ which will disrupt the existing `process_path` use cases in Windows.
    }
    ```

-### :material-checkbox-intermediate: Migrate GeoIP to rule sets
+### :material-checkbox-intermediate: Migrate GeoIP to rule-sets

 !!! info "References"

@ -72,11 +136,11 @@ which will disrupt the existing `process_path` use cases in Windows.
    [Route](/configuration/route/) / 
    [Route Rule](/configuration/route/rule/) / 
    [DNS Rule](/configuration/dns/rule/) / 
-    [Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/)
+    [rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/)

 !!! tip

-    `sing-box geoip` commands can help you convert custom GeoIP into rule sets.
+    `sing-box geoip` commands can help you convert custom GeoIP into rule-sets.

 === ":material-card-remove: Deprecated"

@ -143,13 +207,13 @@ which will disrupt the existing `process_path` use cases in Windows.
      },
      "experimental": {
        "cache_file": {
-          "enabled": true // required to save Rule Set cache
+          "enabled": true // required to save rule-set cache
        }
      }
    }
    ```

-### :material-checkbox-intermediate: Migrate Geosite to rule sets
+### :material-checkbox-intermediate: Migrate Geosite to rule-sets

 !!! info "References"

@ -157,11 +221,11 @@ which will disrupt the existing `process_path` use cases in Windows.
    [Route](/configuration/route/) / 
    [Route Rule](/configuration/route/rule/) / 
    [DNS Rule](/configuration/dns/rule/) / 
-    [Rule Set](/configuration/rule-set/)
+    [rule-set](/configuration/rule-set/)

 !!! tip

-    `sing-box geosite` commands can help you convert custom Geosite into rule sets.
+    `sing-box geosite` commands can help you convert custom Geosite into rule-sets.

 === ":material-card-remove: Deprecated"

@ -204,7 +268,7 @@ which will disrupt the existing `process_path` use cases in Windows.
      },
      "experimental": {
        "cache_file": {
-          "enabled": true // required to save Rule Set cache
+          "enabled": true // required to save rule-set cache
        }
      }
    }
--- a/docs/migration.zh.md
+++ b/docs/migration.zh.md
@ -2,12 +2,76 @@
 icon: material/arrange-bring-forward
 ---

+## 1.10.0
+
+### TUN 地址字段已合并
+
+`inet4_address` 和 `inet6_address` 已合并为 `address`，
+`inet4_route_address` 和 `inet6_route_address` 已合并为 `route_address`，
+`inet4_route_exclude_address` 和 `inet6_route_exclude_address` 已合并为 `route_exclude_address`。
+
+旧字段已废弃，且将在 sing-box 1.11.0 中移除。
+
+!!! info "参考"
+
+    [TUN](/zh/configuration/inbound/tun/)
+
+=== ":material-card-remove: 弃用的"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "inbounds": [
+        {
+          "type": "tun",
+          "inet4_address": "172.19.0.1/30",
+          "inet6_address": "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126",
+          "inet4_route_address": [
+            "0.0.0.0/1",
+            "128.0.0.0/1"
+          ],
+          "inet6_route_address": [
+            "::/1",
+            "8000::/1"
+          ],
+          "inet4_route_exclude_address": [
+            "192.168.0.0/16"
+          ],
+          "inet6_route_exclude_address": [
+            "fc00::/7"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    ```
+
+=== ":material-card-multiple: 新的"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "inbounds": [
+        {
+          "type": "tun",
+          "address": [
+            "172.19.0.1/30",
+            "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"
+          ],
+          "route_address": [
+            "0.0.0.0/1",
+            "128.0.0.0/1",
+            "::/1",
+            "8000::/1"
+          ],
+          "route_exclude_address": [
+            "192.168.0.0/16",
+            "fc00::/7"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    ```
+
 ## 1.9.0

-!!! warning "不稳定的"
-
-    该版本仍在开发中，迁移指南可能将在未来更改。
-
 ### `domain_suffix` 行为更新

 由于历史原因，sing-box 的 `domain_suffix` 规则匹配字面前缀，而不与其他项目相同。
@ -142,7 +206,7 @@ sing-box 1.9.0 使 QueryFullProcessImageNameW 输出 Win32 路径（如 `C:\fold
      },
      "experimental": {
        "cache_file": {
-          "enabled": true // required to save Rule Set cache
+          "enabled": true // required to save rule-set cache
        }
      }
    }
@ -203,7 +267,7 @@ sing-box 1.9.0 使 QueryFullProcessImageNameW 输出 Win32 路径（如 `C:\fold
      },
      "experimental": {
        "cache_file": {
-          "enabled": true // required to save Rule Set cache
+          "enabled": true // required to save rule-set cache
        }
      }
    }
--- a/experimental/clashapi/connections.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/connections.go
@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
 	"github.com/go-chi/render"
+	"github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5"
 )

 func connectionRouter(router adapter.Router, trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) http.Handler {
@ -76,10 +77,10 @@ func getConnections(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseW

 func closeConnection(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		id := chi.URLParam(r, "id")
+		id := uuid.FromStringOrNil(chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
 		snapshot := trafficManager.Snapshot()
 		for _, c := range snapshot.Connections {
-			if id == c.ID() {
+			if id == c.Metadata().ID {
 				c.Close()
 				break
 			}
--- a/experimental/clashapi/server.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/server.go
@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@ -19,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
@ -144,7 +145,18 @@ func (s *Server) PreStart() error {
 func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	if s.externalController {
 		s.checkAndDownloadExternalUI()
-		listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", s.httpServer.Addr)
+		var (
+			listener net.Listener
+			err      error
+		)
+		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+			listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", s.httpServer.Addr)
+			if runtime.GOOS == "android" && errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) {
+				time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+				continue
+			}
+			break
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "external controller listen error")
 		}
@ -218,58 +230,15 @@ func (s *Server) TrafficManager() *trafficontrol.Manager {
 }

 func (s *Server) RoutedConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext, matchedRule adapter.Rule) (net.Conn, adapter.Tracker) {
-	tracker := trafficontrol.NewTCPTracker(conn, s.trafficManager, castMetadata(metadata), s.router, matchedRule)
+	tracker := trafficontrol.NewTCPTracker(conn, s.trafficManager, metadata, s.router, matchedRule)
 	return tracker, tracker
 }

 func (s *Server) RoutedPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata adapter.InboundContext, matchedRule adapter.Rule) (N.PacketConn, adapter.Tracker) {
-	tracker := trafficontrol.NewUDPTracker(conn, s.trafficManager, castMetadata(metadata), s.router, matchedRule)
+	tracker := trafficontrol.NewUDPTracker(conn, s.trafficManager, metadata, s.router, matchedRule)
 	return tracker, tracker
 }

-func castMetadata(metadata adapter.InboundContext) trafficontrol.Metadata {
-	var inbound string
-	if metadata.Inbound != "" {
-		inbound = metadata.InboundType + "/" + metadata.Inbound
-	} else {
-		inbound = metadata.InboundType
-	}
-	var domain string
-	if metadata.Domain != "" {
-		domain = metadata.Domain
-	} else {
-		domain = metadata.Destination.Fqdn
-	}
-	var processPath string
-	if metadata.ProcessInfo != nil {
-		if metadata.ProcessInfo.ProcessPath != "" {
-			processPath = metadata.ProcessInfo.ProcessPath
-		} else if metadata.ProcessInfo.PackageName != "" {
-			processPath = metadata.ProcessInfo.PackageName
-		}
-		if processPath == "" {
-			if metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId != -1 {
-				processPath = F.ToString(metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId)
-			}
-		} else if metadata.ProcessInfo.User != "" {
-			processPath = F.ToString(processPath, " (", metadata.ProcessInfo.User, ")")
-		} else if metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId != -1 {
-			processPath = F.ToString(processPath, " (", metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId, ")")
-		}
-	}
-	return trafficontrol.Metadata{
-		NetWork:     metadata.Network,
-		Type:        inbound,
-		SrcIP:       metadata.Source.Addr,
-		DstIP:       metadata.Destination.Addr,
-		SrcPort:     F.ToString(metadata.Source.Port),
-		DstPort:     F.ToString(metadata.Destination.Port),
-		Host:        domain,
-		DNSMode:     "normal",
-		ProcessPath: processPath,
-	}
-}
-
 func authentication(serverSecret string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		fn := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
--- a/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/manager.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/manager.go
@ -2,10 +2,17 @@ package trafficontrol

 import (
 	"runtime"
+	"sync"
 	"time"

+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/clashapi/compatible"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+
+	"github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5"
 )

 type Manager struct {
@ -16,7 +23,9 @@ type Manager struct {
 	uploadTotal   atomic.Int64
 	downloadTotal atomic.Int64

-	connections compatible.Map[string, tracker]
+	connections             compatible.Map[uuid.UUID, Tracker]
+	closedConnectionsAccess sync.Mutex
+	closedConnections       list.List[TrackerMetadata]
 	ticker                  *time.Ticker
 	done                    chan struct{}
 	// process     *process.Process
@ -33,12 +42,22 @@ func NewManager() *Manager {
 	return manager
 }

-func (m *Manager) Join(c tracker) {
-	m.connections.Store(c.ID(), c)
+func (m *Manager) Join(c Tracker) {
+	m.connections.Store(c.Metadata().ID, c)
 }

-func (m *Manager) Leave(c tracker) {
-	m.connections.Delete(c.ID())
+func (m *Manager) Leave(c Tracker) {
+	metadata := c.Metadata()
+	_, loaded := m.connections.LoadAndDelete(metadata.ID)
+	if loaded {
+		metadata.ClosedAt = time.Now()
+		m.closedConnectionsAccess.Lock()
+		defer m.closedConnectionsAccess.Unlock()
+		if m.closedConnections.Len() >= 1000 {
+			m.closedConnections.PopFront()
+		}
+		m.closedConnections.PushBack(metadata)
+	}
 }

 func (m *Manager) PushUploaded(size int64) {
@ -59,14 +78,39 @@ func (m *Manager) Total() (up int64, down int64) {
 	return m.uploadTotal.Load(), m.downloadTotal.Load()
 }

-func (m *Manager) Connections() int {
+func (m *Manager) ConnectionsLen() int {
 	return m.connections.Len()
 }

+func (m *Manager) Connections() []TrackerMetadata {
+	var connections []TrackerMetadata
+	m.connections.Range(func(_ uuid.UUID, value Tracker) bool {
+		connections = append(connections, value.Metadata())
+		return true
+	})
+	return connections
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) ClosedConnections() []TrackerMetadata {
+	m.closedConnectionsAccess.Lock()
+	defer m.closedConnectionsAccess.Unlock()
+	return m.closedConnections.Array()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Connection(id uuid.UUID) Tracker {
+	connection, loaded := m.connections.Load(id)
+	if !loaded {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return connection
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) Snapshot() *Snapshot {
-	var connections []tracker
-	m.connections.Range(func(_ string, value tracker) bool {
+	var connections []Tracker
+	m.connections.Range(func(_ uuid.UUID, value Tracker) bool {
+		if value.Metadata().OutboundType != C.TypeDNS {
 			connections = append(connections, value)
+		}
 		return true
 	})

@ -75,8 +119,8 @@ func (m *Manager) Snapshot() *Snapshot {
 	m.memory = memStats.StackInuse + memStats.HeapInuse + memStats.HeapIdle - memStats.HeapReleased

 	return &Snapshot{
-		UploadTotal:   m.uploadTotal.Load(),
-		DownloadTotal: m.downloadTotal.Load(),
+		Upload:      m.uploadTotal.Load(),
+		Download:    m.downloadTotal.Load(),
 		Connections: connections,
 		Memory:      m.memory,
 	}
@ -114,8 +158,17 @@ func (m *Manager) Close() error {
 }

 type Snapshot struct {
-	DownloadTotal int64     `json:"downloadTotal"`
-	UploadTotal   int64     `json:"uploadTotal"`
-	Connections   []tracker `json:"connections"`
-	Memory        uint64    `json:"memory"`
+	Download    int64
+	Upload      int64
+	Connections []Tracker
+	Memory      uint64
+}
+
+func (s *Snapshot) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"downloadTotal": s.Download,
+		"uploadTotal":   s.Upload,
+		"connections":   common.Map(s.Connections, func(t Tracker) TrackerMetadata { return t.Metadata() }),
+		"memory":        s.Memory,
+	})
 }
--- a/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/tracker.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/tracker.go
@ -2,97 +2,135 @@ package trafficontrol

 import (
 	"net"
-	"net/netip"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
+	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"

 	"github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5"
 )

-type Metadata struct {
-	NetWork     string     `json:"network"`
-	Type        string     `json:"type"`
-	SrcIP       netip.Addr `json:"sourceIP"`
-	DstIP       netip.Addr `json:"destinationIP"`
-	SrcPort     string     `json:"sourcePort"`
-	DstPort     string     `json:"destinationPort"`
-	Host        string     `json:"host"`
-	DNSMode     string     `json:"dnsMode"`
-	ProcessPath string     `json:"processPath"`
+type TrackerMetadata struct {
+	ID           uuid.UUID
+	Metadata     adapter.InboundContext
+	CreatedAt    time.Time
+	ClosedAt     time.Time
+	Upload       *atomic.Int64
+	Download     *atomic.Int64
+	Chain        []string
+	Rule         adapter.Rule
+	Outbound     string
+	OutboundType string
 }

-type tracker interface {
-	ID() string
-	Close() error
-	Leave()
+func (t TrackerMetadata) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	var inbound string
+	if t.Metadata.Inbound != "" {
+		inbound = t.Metadata.InboundType + "/" + t.Metadata.Inbound
+	} else {
+		inbound = t.Metadata.InboundType
 	}
-
-type trackerInfo struct {
-	UUID          uuid.UUID     `json:"id"`
-	Metadata      Metadata      `json:"metadata"`
-	UploadTotal   *atomic.Int64 `json:"upload"`
-	DownloadTotal *atomic.Int64 `json:"download"`
-	Start         time.Time     `json:"start"`
-	Chain         []string      `json:"chains"`
-	Rule          string        `json:"rule"`
-	RulePayload   string        `json:"rulePayload"`
+	var domain string
+	if t.Metadata.Domain != "" {
+		domain = t.Metadata.Domain
+	} else {
+		domain = t.Metadata.Destination.Fqdn
+	}
+	var processPath string
+	if t.Metadata.ProcessInfo != nil {
+		if t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.ProcessPath != "" {
+			processPath = t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.ProcessPath
+		} else if t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.PackageName != "" {
+			processPath = t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.PackageName
+		}
+		if processPath == "" {
+			if t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId != -1 {
+				processPath = F.ToString(t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId)
+			}
+		} else if t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.User != "" {
+			processPath = F.ToString(processPath, " (", t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.User, ")")
+		} else if t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId != -1 {
+			processPath = F.ToString(processPath, " (", t.Metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId, ")")
+		}
+	}
+	var rule string
+	if t.Rule != nil {
+		rule = F.ToString(t.Rule, " => ", t.Rule.Outbound())
+	} else {
+		rule = "final"
 	}
-
-func (t trackerInfo) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(map[string]any{
-		"id":          t.UUID.String(),
-		"metadata":    t.Metadata,
-		"upload":      t.UploadTotal.Load(),
-		"download":    t.DownloadTotal.Load(),
-		"start":       t.Start,
+		"id": t.ID,
+		"metadata": map[string]any{
+			"network":         t.Metadata.Network,
+			"type":            inbound,
+			"sourceIP":        t.Metadata.Source.Addr,
+			"destinationIP":   t.Metadata.Destination.Addr,
+			"sourcePort":      F.ToString(t.Metadata.Source.Port),
+			"destinationPort": F.ToString(t.Metadata.Destination.Port),
+			"host":            domain,
+			"dnsMode":         "normal",
+			"processPath":     processPath,
+		},
+		"upload":      t.Upload.Load(),
+		"download":    t.Download.Load(),
+		"start":       t.CreatedAt,
 		"chains":      t.Chain,
-		"rule":        t.Rule,
-		"rulePayload": t.RulePayload,
+		"rule":        rule,
+		"rulePayload": "",
 	})
 }

-type tcpTracker struct {
-	N.ExtendedConn `json:"-"`
-	*trackerInfo
+type Tracker interface {
+	adapter.Tracker
+	Metadata() TrackerMetadata
+	Close() error
+}
+
+type TCPConn struct {
+	N.ExtendedConn
+	metadata TrackerMetadata
 	manager  *Manager
 }

-func (tt *tcpTracker) ID() string {
-	return tt.UUID.String()
+func (tt *TCPConn) Metadata() TrackerMetadata {
+	return tt.metadata
 }

-func (tt *tcpTracker) Close() error {
+func (tt *TCPConn) Close() error {
 	tt.manager.Leave(tt)
 	return tt.ExtendedConn.Close()
 }

-func (tt *tcpTracker) Leave() {
+func (tt *TCPConn) Leave() {
 	tt.manager.Leave(tt)
 }

-func (tt *tcpTracker) Upstream() any {
+func (tt *TCPConn) Upstream() any {
 	return tt.ExtendedConn
 }

-func (tt *tcpTracker) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
+func (tt *TCPConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }

-func (tt *tcpTracker) WriterReplaceable() bool {
+func (tt *TCPConn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }

-func NewTCPTracker(conn net.Conn, manager *Manager, metadata Metadata, router adapter.Router, rule adapter.Rule) *tcpTracker {
-	uuid, _ := uuid.NewV4()
-
-	var chain []string
-	var next string
+func NewTCPTracker(conn net.Conn, manager *Manager, metadata adapter.InboundContext, router adapter.Router, rule adapter.Rule) *TCPConn {
+	id, _ := uuid.NewV4()
+	var (
+		chain        []string
+		next         string
+		outbound     string
+		outboundType string
+	)
 	if rule == nil {
 		if defaultOutbound, err := router.DefaultOutbound(N.NetworkTCP); err == nil {
 			next = defaultOutbound.Tag()
@ -106,17 +144,17 @@ func NewTCPTracker(conn net.Conn, manager *Manager, metadata Metadata, router ad
 		if !loaded {
 			break
 		}
+		outbound = detour.Tag()
+		outboundType = detour.Type()
 		group, isGroup := detour.(adapter.OutboundGroup)
 		if !isGroup {
 			break
 		}
 		next = group.Now()
 	}
-
 	upload := new(atomic.Int64)
 	download := new(atomic.Int64)
-
-	t := &tcpTracker{
+	tracker := &TCPConn{
 		ExtendedConn: bufio.NewCounterConn(conn, []N.CountFunc{func(n int64) {
 			upload.Add(n)
 			manager.PushUploaded(n)
@ -124,64 +162,62 @@ func NewTCPTracker(conn net.Conn, manager *Manager, metadata Metadata, router ad
 			download.Add(n)
 			manager.PushDownloaded(n)
 		}}),
-		manager: manager,
-		trackerInfo: &trackerInfo{
-			UUID:          uuid,
-			Start:         time.Now(),
+		metadata: TrackerMetadata{
+			ID:           id,
 			Metadata:     metadata,
+			CreatedAt:    time.Now(),
+			Upload:       upload,
+			Download:     download,
 			Chain:        common.Reverse(chain),
-			Rule:          "",
-			UploadTotal:   upload,
-			DownloadTotal: download,
+			Rule:         rule,
+			Outbound:     outbound,
+			OutboundType: outboundType,
 		},
+		manager: manager,
+	}
+	manager.Join(tracker)
+	return tracker
 }

-	if rule != nil {
-		t.trackerInfo.Rule = rule.String() + " => " + rule.Outbound()
-	} else {
-		t.trackerInfo.Rule = "final"
-	}
-
-	manager.Join(t)
-	return t
-}
-
-type udpTracker struct {
+type UDPConn struct {
 	N.PacketConn `json:"-"`
-	*trackerInfo
+	metadata     TrackerMetadata
 	manager      *Manager
 }

-func (ut *udpTracker) ID() string {
-	return ut.UUID.String()
+func (ut *UDPConn) Metadata() TrackerMetadata {
+	return ut.metadata
 }

-func (ut *udpTracker) Close() error {
+func (ut *UDPConn) Close() error {
 	ut.manager.Leave(ut)
 	return ut.PacketConn.Close()
 }

-func (ut *udpTracker) Leave() {
+func (ut *UDPConn) Leave() {
 	ut.manager.Leave(ut)
 }

-func (ut *udpTracker) Upstream() any {
+func (ut *UDPConn) Upstream() any {
 	return ut.PacketConn
 }

-func (ut *udpTracker) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
+func (ut *UDPConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }

-func (ut *udpTracker) WriterReplaceable() bool {
+func (ut *UDPConn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }

-func NewUDPTracker(conn N.PacketConn, manager *Manager, metadata Metadata, router adapter.Router, rule adapter.Rule) *udpTracker {
-	uuid, _ := uuid.NewV4()
-
-	var chain []string
-	var next string
+func NewUDPTracker(conn N.PacketConn, manager *Manager, metadata adapter.InboundContext, router adapter.Router, rule adapter.Rule) *UDPConn {
+	id, _ := uuid.NewV4()
+	var (
+		chain        []string
+		next         string
+		outbound     string
+		outboundType string
+	)
 	if rule == nil {
 		if defaultOutbound, err := router.DefaultOutbound(N.NetworkUDP); err == nil {
 			next = defaultOutbound.Tag()
@ -195,17 +231,17 @@ func NewUDPTracker(conn N.PacketConn, manager *Manager, metadata Metadata, route
 		if !loaded {
 			break
 		}
+		outbound = detour.Tag()
+		outboundType = detour.Type()
 		group, isGroup := detour.(adapter.OutboundGroup)
 		if !isGroup {
 			break
 		}
 		next = group.Now()
 	}
-
 	upload := new(atomic.Int64)
 	download := new(atomic.Int64)
-
-	ut := &udpTracker{
+	trackerConn := &UDPConn{
 		PacketConn: bufio.NewCounterPacketConn(conn, []N.CountFunc{func(n int64) {
 			upload.Add(n)
 			manager.PushUploaded(n)
@ -213,24 +249,19 @@ func NewUDPTracker(conn N.PacketConn, manager *Manager, metadata Metadata, route
 			download.Add(n)
 			manager.PushDownloaded(n)
 		}}),
-		manager: manager,
-		trackerInfo: &trackerInfo{
-			UUID:          uuid,
-			Start:         time.Now(),
+		metadata: TrackerMetadata{
+			ID:           id,
 			Metadata:     metadata,
+			CreatedAt:    time.Now(),
+			Upload:       upload,
+			Download:     download,
 			Chain:        common.Reverse(chain),
-			Rule:          "",
-			UploadTotal:   upload,
-			DownloadTotal: download,
+			Rule:         rule,
+			Outbound:     outbound,
+			OutboundType: outboundType,
 		},
+		manager: manager,
 	}
-
-	if rule != nil {
-		ut.trackerInfo.Rule = rule.String() + " => " + rule.Outbound()
-	} else {
-		ut.trackerInfo.Rule = "final"
-	}
-
-	manager.Join(ut)
-	return ut
+	manager.Join(trackerConn)
+	return trackerConn
 }
--- a/experimental/libbox/command.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command.go
@ -14,4 +14,6 @@ const (
 	CommandSetClashMode
 	CommandGetSystemProxyStatus
 	CommandSetSystemProxyEnabled
+	CommandConnections
+	CommandCloseConnection
 )
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_clash_mode.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_clash_mode.go
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/clashapi"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 func (c *CommandClient) SetClashMode(newMode string) error {
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) SetClashMode(newMode string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteVString(conn, newMode)
+	err = varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, newMode)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) SetClashMode(newMode string) error {
 }

 func (s *CommandServer) handleSetClashMode(conn net.Conn) error {
-	newMode, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+	newMode, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) handleModeConn(conn net.Conn) {
 	defer conn.Close()

 	for {
-		newMode, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+		newMode, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 		if err != nil {
 			c.handler.Disconnected(err.Error())
 			return
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleModeConn(conn net.Conn) error {
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-s.modeUpdate:
-			err = rw.WriteVString(conn, clashServer.Mode())
+			err = varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, clashServer.Mode())
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@ -101,12 +101,12 @@ func readClashModeList(reader io.Reader) (modeList []string, currentMode string,
 	}
 	modeList = make([]string, modeListLength)
 	for i := 0; i < int(modeListLength); i++ {
-		modeList[i], err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+		modeList[i], err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 	}
-	currentMode, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+	currentMode, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 	return
 }

@ -118,12 +118,12 @@ func writeClashModeList(writer io.Writer, clashServer adapter.ClashServer) error
 	}
 	if len(modeList) > 0 {
 		for _, mode := range modeList {
-			err = rw.WriteVString(writer, mode)
+			err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, mode)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
-		err = rw.WriteVString(writer, clashServer.Mode())
+		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, clashServer.Mode())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_client.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_client.go
@ -25,12 +25,13 @@ type CommandClientOptions struct {
 type CommandClientHandler interface {
 	Connected()
 	Disconnected(message string)
-	ClearLog()
-	WriteLog(message string)
+	ClearLogs()
+	WriteLogs(messageList StringIterator)
 	WriteStatus(message *StatusMessage)
 	WriteGroups(message OutboundGroupIterator)
 	InitializeClashMode(modeList StringIterator, currentMode string)
 	UpdateClashMode(newMode string)
+	WriteConnections(message *Connections)
 }

 func NewStandaloneCommandClient() *CommandClient {
@ -83,6 +84,10 @@ func (c *CommandClient) Connect() error {
 	}
 	switch c.options.Command {
 	case CommandLog:
+		err = binary.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, c.options.StatusInterval)
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "write interval")
+		}
 		c.handler.Connected()
 		go c.handleLogConn(conn)
 	case CommandStatus:
@ -116,6 +121,13 @@ func (c *CommandClient) Connect() error {
 			return nil
 		}
 		go c.handleModeConn(conn)
+	case CommandConnections:
+		err = binary.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, c.options.StatusInterval)
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "write interval")
+		}
+		c.handler.Connected()
+		go c.handleConnectionsConn(conn)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_close_connection.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_close_connection.go
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package libbox
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/clashapi"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/binary"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5"
+)
+
+func (c *CommandClient) CloseConnection(connId string) error {
+	conn, err := c.directConnect()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	writer := bufio.NewWriter(conn)
+	err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, connId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = writer.Flush()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return readError(conn)
+}
+
+func (s *CommandServer) handleCloseConnection(conn net.Conn) error {
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
+	var connId string
+	err := varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &connId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "read connection id")
+	}
+	service := s.service
+	if service == nil {
+		return writeError(conn, E.New("service not ready"))
+	}
+	clashServer := service.instance.Router().ClashServer()
+	if clashServer == nil {
+		return writeError(conn, E.New("Clash API disabled"))
+	}
+	targetConn := clashServer.(*clashapi.Server).TrafficManager().Connection(uuid.FromStringOrNil(connId))
+	if targetConn == nil {
+		return writeError(conn, E.New("connection already closed"))
+	}
+	targetConn.Close()
+	return writeError(conn, nil)
+}
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_connections.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_connections.go
@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+package libbox
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"net"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/clashapi"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/binary"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5"
+)
+
+func (c *CommandClient) handleConnectionsConn(conn net.Conn) {
+	defer conn.Close()
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
+	var (
+		rawConnections []Connection
+		connections    Connections
+	)
+	for {
+		err := varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &rawConnections)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.handler.Disconnected(err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		connections.input = rawConnections
+		c.handler.WriteConnections(&connections)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *CommandServer) handleConnectionsConn(conn net.Conn) error {
+	var interval int64
+	err := binary.Read(conn, binary.BigEndian, &interval)
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "read interval")
+	}
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(interval))
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	ctx := connKeepAlive(conn)
+	var trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager
+	for {
+		service := s.service
+		if service != nil {
+			clashServer := service.instance.Router().ClashServer()
+			if clashServer == nil {
+				return E.New("Clash API disabled")
+			}
+			trafficManager = clashServer.(*clashapi.Server).TrafficManager()
+			break
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
+	}
+	var (
+		connections    = make(map[uuid.UUID]*Connection)
+		outConnections []Connection
+	)
+	writer := bufio.NewWriter(conn)
+	for {
+		outConnections = outConnections[:0]
+		for _, connection := range trafficManager.Connections() {
+			outConnections = append(outConnections, newConnection(connections, connection, false))
+		}
+		for _, connection := range trafficManager.ClosedConnections() {
+			outConnections = append(outConnections, newConnection(connections, connection, true))
+		}
+		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, outConnections)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = writer.Flush()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+const (
+	ConnectionStateAll = iota
+	ConnectionStateActive
+	ConnectionStateClosed
+)
+
+type Connections struct {
+	input    []Connection
+	filtered []Connection
+}
+
+func (c *Connections) FilterState(state int32) {
+	c.filtered = c.filtered[:0]
+	switch state {
+	case ConnectionStateAll:
+		c.filtered = append(c.filtered, c.input...)
+	case ConnectionStateActive:
+		for _, connection := range c.input {
+			if connection.ClosedAt == 0 {
+				c.filtered = append(c.filtered, connection)
+			}
+		}
+	case ConnectionStateClosed:
+		for _, connection := range c.input {
+			if connection.ClosedAt != 0 {
+				c.filtered = append(c.filtered, connection)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Connections) SortByDate() {
+	slices.SortStableFunc(c.filtered, func(x, y Connection) int {
+		if x.CreatedAt < y.CreatedAt {
+			return 1
+		} else if x.CreatedAt > y.CreatedAt {
+			return -1
+		} else {
+			return strings.Compare(y.ID, x.ID)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *Connections) SortByTraffic() {
+	slices.SortStableFunc(c.filtered, func(x, y Connection) int {
+		xTraffic := x.Uplink + x.Downlink
+		yTraffic := y.Uplink + y.Downlink
+		if xTraffic < yTraffic {
+			return 1
+		} else if xTraffic > yTraffic {
+			return -1
+		} else {
+			return strings.Compare(y.ID, x.ID)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *Connections) SortByTrafficTotal() {
+	slices.SortStableFunc(c.filtered, func(x, y Connection) int {
+		xTraffic := x.UplinkTotal + x.DownlinkTotal
+		yTraffic := y.UplinkTotal + y.DownlinkTotal
+		if xTraffic < yTraffic {
+			return 1
+		} else if xTraffic > yTraffic {
+			return -1
+		} else {
+			return strings.Compare(y.ID, x.ID)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *Connections) Iterator() ConnectionIterator {
+	return newPtrIterator(c.filtered)
+}
+
+type Connection struct {
+	ID            string
+	Inbound       string
+	InboundType   string
+	IPVersion     int32
+	Network       string
+	Source        string
+	Destination   string
+	Domain        string
+	Protocol      string
+	User          string
+	FromOutbound  string
+	CreatedAt     int64
+	ClosedAt      int64
+	Uplink        int64
+	Downlink      int64
+	UplinkTotal   int64
+	DownlinkTotal int64
+	Rule          string
+	Outbound      string
+	OutboundType  string
+	ChainList     []string
+}
+
+func (c *Connection) Chain() StringIterator {
+	return newIterator(c.ChainList)
+}
+
+func (c *Connection) DisplayDestination() string {
+	destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(c.Destination)
+	if destination.IsIP() && c.Domain != "" {
+		destination = M.Socksaddr{
+			Fqdn: c.Domain,
+			Port: destination.Port,
+		}
+		return destination.String()
+	}
+	return c.Destination
+}
+
+type ConnectionIterator interface {
+	Next() *Connection
+	HasNext() bool
+}
+
+func newConnection(connections map[uuid.UUID]*Connection, metadata trafficontrol.TrackerMetadata, isClosed bool) Connection {
+	if oldConnection, loaded := connections[metadata.ID]; loaded {
+		if isClosed {
+			if oldConnection.ClosedAt == 0 {
+				oldConnection.Uplink = 0
+				oldConnection.Downlink = 0
+				oldConnection.ClosedAt = metadata.ClosedAt.UnixMilli()
+			}
+			return *oldConnection
+		}
+		lastUplink := oldConnection.UplinkTotal
+		lastDownlink := oldConnection.DownlinkTotal
+		uplinkTotal := metadata.Upload.Load()
+		downlinkTotal := metadata.Download.Load()
+		oldConnection.Uplink = uplinkTotal - lastUplink
+		oldConnection.Downlink = downlinkTotal - lastDownlink
+		oldConnection.UplinkTotal = uplinkTotal
+		oldConnection.DownlinkTotal = downlinkTotal
+		return *oldConnection
+	}
+	var rule string
+	if metadata.Rule != nil {
+		rule = metadata.Rule.String()
+	}
+	uplinkTotal := metadata.Upload.Load()
+	downlinkTotal := metadata.Download.Load()
+	uplink := uplinkTotal
+	downlink := downlinkTotal
+	var closedAt int64
+	if !metadata.ClosedAt.IsZero() {
+		closedAt = metadata.ClosedAt.UnixMilli()
+		uplink = 0
+		downlink = 0
+	}
+	connection := Connection{
+		ID:            metadata.ID.String(),
+		Inbound:       metadata.Metadata.Inbound,
+		InboundType:   metadata.Metadata.InboundType,
+		IPVersion:     int32(metadata.Metadata.IPVersion),
+		Network:       metadata.Metadata.Network,
+		Source:        metadata.Metadata.Source.String(),
+		Destination:   metadata.Metadata.Destination.String(),
+		Domain:        metadata.Metadata.Domain,
+		Protocol:      metadata.Metadata.Protocol,
+		User:          metadata.Metadata.User,
+		FromOutbound:  metadata.Metadata.Outbound,
+		CreatedAt:     metadata.CreatedAt.UnixMilli(),
+		ClosedAt:      closedAt,
+		Uplink:        uplink,
+		Downlink:      downlink,
+		UplinkTotal:   uplinkTotal,
+		DownlinkTotal: downlinkTotal,
+		Rule:          rule,
+		Outbound:      metadata.Outbound,
+		OutboundType:  metadata.OutboundType,
+		ChainList:     metadata.Chain,
+	}
+	connections[metadata.ID] = &connection
+	return connection
+}
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_group.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_group.go
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package libbox

 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@ -10,40 +11,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/urltest"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/outbound"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

-type OutboundGroup struct {
-	Tag        string
-	Type       string
-	Selectable bool
-	Selected   string
-	IsExpand   bool
-	items      []*OutboundGroupItem
-}
-
-func (g *OutboundGroup) GetItems() OutboundGroupItemIterator {
-	return newIterator(g.items)
-}
-
-type OutboundGroupIterator interface {
-	Next() *OutboundGroup
-	HasNext() bool
-}
-
-type OutboundGroupItem struct {
-	Tag          string
-	Type         string
-	URLTestTime  int64
-	URLTestDelay int32
-}
-
-type OutboundGroupItemIterator interface {
-	Next() *OutboundGroupItem
-	HasNext() bool
-}
-
 func (c *CommandClient) handleGroupConn(conn net.Conn) {
 	defer conn.Close()

@ -66,19 +37,24 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleGroupConn(conn net.Conn) error {
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(interval))
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 	ctx := connKeepAlive(conn)
+	writer := bufio.NewWriter(conn)
 	for {
 		service := s.service
 		if service != nil {
-			err := writeGroups(conn, service)
+			err = writeGroups(writer, service)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		} else {
-			err := binary.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, uint16(0))
+			err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint16(0))
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+		err = writer.Flush()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return ctx.Err()
@ -92,74 +68,41 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleGroupConn(conn net.Conn) error {
 	}
 }

+type OutboundGroup struct {
+	Tag        string
+	Type       string
+	Selectable bool
+	Selected   string
+	IsExpand   bool
+	ItemList   []*OutboundGroupItem
+}
+
+func (g *OutboundGroup) GetItems() OutboundGroupItemIterator {
+	return newIterator(g.ItemList)
+}
+
+type OutboundGroupIterator interface {
+	Next() *OutboundGroup
+	HasNext() bool
+}
+
+type OutboundGroupItem struct {
+	Tag          string
+	Type         string
+	URLTestTime  int64
+	URLTestDelay int32
+}
+
+type OutboundGroupItemIterator interface {
+	Next() *OutboundGroupItem
+	HasNext() bool
+}
+
 func readGroups(reader io.Reader) (OutboundGroupIterator, error) {
-	var groupLength uint16
-	err := binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &groupLength)
+	groups, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]*OutboundGroup](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	groups := make([]*OutboundGroup, 0, groupLength)
-	for i := 0; i < int(groupLength); i++ {
-		var group OutboundGroup
-		group.Tag, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		group.Type, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &group.Selectable)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		group.Selected, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &group.IsExpand)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		var itemLength uint16
-		err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &itemLength)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		group.items = make([]*OutboundGroupItem, itemLength)
-		for j := 0; j < int(itemLength); j++ {
-			var item OutboundGroupItem
-			item.Tag, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			item.Type, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &item.URLTestTime)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &item.URLTestDelay)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			group.items[j] = &item
-		}
-		groups = append(groups, &group)
-	}
 	return newIterator(groups), nil
 }

@ -199,63 +142,14 @@ func writeGroups(writer io.Writer, boxService *BoxService) error {
 				item.URLTestTime = history.Time.Unix()
 				item.URLTestDelay = int32(history.Delay)
 			}
-			group.items = append(group.items, &item)
+			group.ItemList = append(group.ItemList, &item)
 		}
-		if len(group.items) < 2 {
+		if len(group.ItemList) < 2 {
 			continue
 		}
 		groups = append(groups, group)
 	}
-
-	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(groups)))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, group := range groups {
-		err = rw.WriteVString(writer, group.Tag)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = rw.WriteVString(writer, group.Type)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, group.Selectable)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = rw.WriteVString(writer, group.Selected)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, group.IsExpand)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(group.items)))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		for _, item := range group.items {
-			err = rw.WriteVString(writer, item.Tag)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			err = rw.WriteVString(writer, item.Type)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, item.URLTestTime)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, item.URLTestDelay)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, groups)
 }

 func (c *CommandClient) SetGroupExpand(groupTag string, isExpand bool) error {
@ -268,7 +162,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) SetGroupExpand(groupTag string, isExpand bool) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteVString(conn, groupTag)
+	err = varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, groupTag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -280,7 +174,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) SetGroupExpand(groupTag string, isExpand bool) error {
 }

 func (s *CommandServer) handleSetGroupExpand(conn net.Conn) error {
-	groupTag, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+	groupTag, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_log.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_log.go
@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
 package libbox

 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/binary"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

+func (s *CommandServer) ResetLog() {
+	s.access.Lock()
+	defer s.access.Unlock()
+	s.savedLines.Init()
+	select {
+	case s.logReset <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *CommandServer) WriteMessage(message string) {
 	s.subscriber.Emit(message)
 	s.access.Lock()
@ -17,43 +32,19 @@ func (s *CommandServer) WriteMessage(message string) {
 	s.access.Unlock()
 }

-func readLog(reader io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
-	var messageLength uint16
-	err := binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &messageLength)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if messageLength == 0 {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	data := make([]byte, messageLength)
-	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return data, nil
-}
-
-func writeLog(writer io.Writer, message []byte) error {
-	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(message)))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if len(message) > 0 {
-		_, err = writer.Write(message)
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-func writeClearLog(writer io.Writer) error {
-	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(1))
-}
-
 func (s *CommandServer) handleLogConn(conn net.Conn) error {
+	var (
+		interval int64
+		timer    *time.Timer
+	)
+	err := binary.Read(conn, binary.BigEndian, &interval)
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "read interval")
+	}
+	timer = time.NewTimer(time.Duration(interval))
+	if !timer.Stop() {
+		<-timer.C
+	}
 	var savedLines []string
 	s.access.Lock()
 	savedLines = make([]string, 0, s.savedLines.Len())
@ -66,52 +57,90 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleLogConn(conn net.Conn) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer s.observer.UnSubscribe(subscription)
-	for _, line := range savedLines {
-		err = writeLog(conn, []byte(line))
+	writer := bufio.NewWriter(conn)
+	select {
+	case <-s.logReset:
+		err = writer.WriteByte(1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = writer.Flush()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+	}
+	if len(savedLines) > 0 {
+		err = writer.WriteByte(0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, savedLines)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	ctx := connKeepAlive(conn)
+	var logLines []string
 	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		case message := <-subscription:
-			err = writeLog(conn, []byte(message))
+		err = writer.Flush()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
 		case <-s.logReset:
-			err = writeClearLog(conn)
+			err = writer.WriteByte(1)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		case <-done:
 			return nil
+		case logLine := <-subscription:
+			logLines = logLines[:0]
+			logLines = append(logLines, logLine)
+			timer.Reset(time.Duration(interval))
+		loopLogs:
+			for {
+				select {
+				case logLine = <-subscription:
+					logLines = append(logLines, logLine)
+				case <-timer.C:
+					break loopLogs
+				}
+			}
+			err = writer.WriteByte(0)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, logLines)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }

 func (c *CommandClient) handleLogConn(conn net.Conn) {
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
 	for {
-		var messageType uint8
-		err := binary.Read(conn, binary.BigEndian, &messageType)
+		messageType, err := reader.ReadByte()
 		if err != nil {
 			c.handler.Disconnected(err.Error())
 			return
 		}
-		var message []byte
+		var messages []string
 		switch messageType {
 		case 0:
-			message, err = readLog(conn)
+			err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &messages)
 			if err != nil {
 				c.handler.Disconnected(err.Error())
 				return
 			}
-			c.handler.WriteLog(string(message))
+			c.handler.WriteLogs(newIterator(messages))
 		case 1:
-			c.handler.ClearLog()
+			c.handler.ClearLogs()
 		}
 	}
 }
@ -120,7 +149,7 @@ func connKeepAlive(reader io.Reader) context.Context {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.Background())
 	go func() {
 		for {
-			_, err := readLog(reader)
+			_, err := reader.Read(make([]byte, 1))
 			if err != nil {
 				cancel(err)
 				return
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_power.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_power.go
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net"

 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 func (c *CommandClient) ServiceReload() error {
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) ServiceReload() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if hasError {
-		errorMessage, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+		errorMessage, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleServiceReload(conn net.Conn) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if rErr != nil {
-		return rw.WriteVString(conn, rErr.Error())
+		return varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, rErr.Error())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) ServiceClose() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if hasError {
-		errorMessage, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+		errorMessage, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleServiceClose(conn net.Conn) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if rErr != nil {
-		return rw.WriteVString(conn, rErr.Error())
+		return varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, rErr.Error())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_select.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_select.go
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/outbound"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 func (c *CommandClient) SelectOutbound(groupTag string, outboundTag string) error {
@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ func (c *CommandClient) SelectOutbound(groupTag string, outboundTag string) erro
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteVString(conn, groupTag)
+	err = varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, groupTag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteVString(conn, outboundTag)
+	err = varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, outboundTag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ func (c *CommandClient) SelectOutbound(groupTag string, outboundTag string) erro
 }

 func (s *CommandServer) handleSelectOutbound(conn net.Conn) error {
-	groupTag, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+	groupTag, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	outboundTag, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+	outboundTag, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_server.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_server.go
@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ type CommandServer struct {
 	urlTestUpdate chan struct{}
 	modeUpdate    chan struct{}
 	logReset      chan struct{}
+
+	closedConnections []Connection
 }

 type CommandServerHandler interface {
@ -64,14 +66,6 @@ func (s *CommandServer) SetService(newService *BoxService) {
 	s.notifyURLTestUpdate()
 }

-func (s *CommandServer) ResetLog() {
-	s.savedLines.Init()
-	select {
-	case s.logReset <- struct{}{}:
-	default:
-	}
-}
-
 func (s *CommandServer) notifyURLTestUpdate() {
 	select {
 	case s.urlTestUpdate <- struct{}{}:
@ -176,6 +170,10 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleConnection(conn net.Conn) error {
 		return s.handleGetSystemProxyStatus(conn)
 	case CommandSetSystemProxyEnabled:
 		return s.handleSetSystemProxyEnabled(conn)
+	case CommandConnections:
+		return s.handleConnectionsConn(conn)
+	case CommandCloseConnection:
+		return s.handleCloseConnection(conn)
 	default:
 		return E.New("unknown command: ", command)
 	}
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_shared.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_shared.go
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"io"

 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 func readError(reader io.Reader) error {
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func readError(reader io.Reader) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if hasError {
-		errorMessage, err := rw.ReadVString(reader)
+		errorMessage, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func writeError(writer io.Writer, wErr error) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if wErr != nil {
-		err = rw.WriteVString(writer, wErr.Error())
+		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, wErr.Error())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_status.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_status.go
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (s *CommandServer) readStatus() StatusMessage {
 			trafficManager := clashServer.(*clashapi.Server).TrafficManager()
 			message.Uplink, message.Downlink = trafficManager.Now()
 			message.UplinkTotal, message.DownlinkTotal = trafficManager.Total()
-			message.ConnectionsIn = int32(trafficManager.Connections())
+			message.ConnectionsIn = int32(trafficManager.ConnectionsLen())
 		}
 	}

--- a/experimental/libbox/command_urltest.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_urltest.go
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/batch"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) URLTest(groupTag string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = rw.WriteVString(conn, groupTag)
+	err = varbin.Write(conn, binary.BigEndian, groupTag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) URLTest(groupTag string) error {
 }

 func (s *CommandServer) handleURLTest(conn net.Conn) error {
-	groupTag, err := rw.ReadVString(conn)
+	groupTag, err := varbin.ReadValue[string](conn, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/experimental/libbox/iterator.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/iterator.go
@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ package libbox
 import "github.com/sagernet/sing/common"

 type StringIterator interface {
-	Next() string
+	Len() int32
 	HasNext() bool
+	Next() string
 }

 var _ StringIterator = (*iterator[string])(nil)
@ -17,6 +18,18 @@ func newIterator[T any](values []T) *iterator[T] {
 	return &iterator[T]{values}
 }

+func newPtrIterator[T any](values []T) *iterator[*T] {
+	return &iterator[*T]{common.Map(values, func(value T) *T { return &value })}
+}
+
+func (i *iterator[T]) Len() int32 {
+	return int32(len(i.values))
+}
+
+func (i *iterator[T]) HasNext() bool {
+	return len(i.values) > 0
+}
+
 func (i *iterator[T]) Next() T {
 	if len(i.values) == 0 {
 		return common.DefaultValue[T]()
@ -26,10 +39,6 @@ func (i *iterator[T]) Next() T {
 	return nextValue
 }

-func (i *iterator[T]) HasNext() bool {
-	return len(i.values) > 0
-}
-
 type abstractIterator[T any] interface {
 	Next() T
 	HasNext() bool
--- a/experimental/libbox/profile_import.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/profile_import.go
@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package libbox

 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"io"

 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 func EncodeChunkedMessage(data []byte) []byte {
@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ type ErrorMessage struct {
 func (e *ErrorMessage) Encode() []byte {
 	var buffer bytes.Buffer
 	buffer.WriteByte(MessageTypeError)
-	rw.WriteVString(&buffer, e.Message)
+	varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, e.Message)
 	return buffer.Bytes()
 }

 func DecodeErrorMessage(data []byte) (*ErrorMessage, error) {
 	reader := bytes.NewReader(data)
-	messageType, err := rw.ReadByte(reader)
+	messageType, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func DecodeErrorMessage(data []byte) (*ErrorMessage, error) {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid message")
 	}
 	var message ErrorMessage
-	message.Message, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+	message.Message, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func (e *ProfileEncoder) Encode() []byte {
 	binary.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(e.profiles)))
 	for _, preview := range e.profiles {
 		binary.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, preview.ProfileID)
-		rw.WriteVString(&buffer, preview.Name)
+		varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, preview.Name)
 		binary.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, preview.Type)
 	}
 	return buffer.Bytes()
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (d *ProfileDecoder) Decode(data []byte) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		profile.Name, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+		profile.Name, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func (r *ProfileContentRequest) Encode() []byte {

 func DecodeProfileContentRequest(data []byte) (*ProfileContentRequest, error) {
 	reader := bytes.NewReader(data)
-	messageType, err := rw.ReadByte(reader)
+	messageType, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -176,12 +176,13 @@ func (c *ProfileContent) Encode() []byte {
 	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	buffer.WriteByte(MessageTypeProfileContent)
 	buffer.WriteByte(1)
-	writer := gzip.NewWriter(buffer)
-	rw.WriteVString(writer, c.Name)
+	gWriter := gzip.NewWriter(buffer)
+	writer := bufio.NewWriter(gWriter)
+	varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.Name)
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.Type)
-	rw.WriteVString(writer, c.Config)
+	varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.Config)
 	if c.Type != ProfileTypeLocal {
-		rw.WriteVString(writer, c.RemotePath)
+		varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.RemotePath)
 	}
 	if c.Type == ProfileTypeRemote {
 		binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.AutoUpdate)
@ -189,29 +190,31 @@ func (c *ProfileContent) Encode() []byte {
 		binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.LastUpdated)
 	}
 	writer.Flush()
-	writer.Close()
+	gWriter.Flush()
+	gWriter.Close()
 	return buffer.Bytes()
 }

 func DecodeProfileContent(data []byte) (*ProfileContent, error) {
-	var reader io.Reader = bytes.NewReader(data)
-	messageType, err := rw.ReadByte(reader)
+	reader := bytes.NewReader(data)
+	messageType, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if messageType != MessageTypeProfileContent {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid message")
 	}
-	version, err := rw.ReadByte(reader)
+	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	reader, err = gzip.NewReader(reader)
+	gReader, err := gzip.NewReader(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "unsupported profile")
 	}
+	bReader := varbin.StubReader(gReader)
 	var content ProfileContent
-	content.Name, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+	content.Name, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](bReader, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -219,12 +222,12 @@ func DecodeProfileContent(data []byte) (*ProfileContent, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	content.Config, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+	content.Config, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](bReader, binary.BigEndian)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if content.Type != ProfileTypeLocal {
-		content.RemotePath, err = rw.ReadVString(reader)
+		content.RemotePath, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](bReader, binary.BigEndian)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
--- a/experimental/libbox/service.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/service.go
@ -149,33 +149,6 @@ func (w *platformInterfaceWrapper) OpenTun(options *tun.Options, platformOptions
 	return tun.New(*options)
 }

-func (w *platformInterfaceWrapper) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*process.Info, error) {
-	var uid int32
-	if w.useProcFS {
-		uid = procfs.ResolveSocketByProcSearch(network, source, destination)
-		if uid == -1 {
-			return nil, E.New("procfs: not found")
-		}
-	} else {
-		var ipProtocol int32
-		switch N.NetworkName(network) {
-		case N.NetworkTCP:
-			ipProtocol = syscall.IPPROTO_TCP
-		case N.NetworkUDP:
-			ipProtocol = syscall.IPPROTO_UDP
-		default:
-			return nil, E.New("unknown network: ", network)
-		}
-		var err error
-		uid, err = w.iif.FindConnectionOwner(ipProtocol, source.Addr().String(), int32(source.Port()), destination.Addr().String(), int32(destination.Port()))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	packageName, _ := w.iif.PackageNameByUid(uid)
-	return &process.Info{UserId: uid, PackageName: packageName}, nil
-}
-
 func (w *platformInterfaceWrapper) UsePlatformDefaultInterfaceMonitor() bool {
 	return w.iif.UsePlatformDefaultInterfaceMonitor()
 }
@ -229,6 +202,33 @@ func (w *platformInterfaceWrapper) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
 	return (adapter.WIFIState)(*wifiState)
 }

+func (w *platformInterfaceWrapper) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*process.Info, error) {
+	var uid int32
+	if w.useProcFS {
+		uid = procfs.ResolveSocketByProcSearch(network, source, destination)
+		if uid == -1 {
+			return nil, E.New("procfs: not found")
+		}
+	} else {
+		var ipProtocol int32
+		switch N.NetworkName(network) {
+		case N.NetworkTCP:
+			ipProtocol = syscall.IPPROTO_TCP
+		case N.NetworkUDP:
+			ipProtocol = syscall.IPPROTO_UDP
+		default:
+			return nil, E.New("unknown network: ", network)
+		}
+		var err error
+		uid, err = w.iif.FindConnectionOwner(ipProtocol, source.Addr().String(), int32(source.Port()), destination.Addr().String(), int32(destination.Port()))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	packageName, _ := w.iif.PackageNameByUid(uid)
+	return &process.Info{UserId: uid, PackageName: packageName}, nil
+}
+
 func (w *platformInterfaceWrapper) DisableColors() bool {
 	return runtime.GOOS != "android"
 }
--- a/experimental/libbox/setup.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/setup.go
@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ package libbox
 import (
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
+	"runtime/debug"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/humanize"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	_ "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/include"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 )

 var (
@ -19,6 +22,11 @@ var (
 	sTVOS        bool
 )

+func init() {
+	debug.SetPanicOnFault(true)
+	debug.SetTraceback("all")
+}
+
 func Setup(basePath string, workingPath string, tempPath string, isTVOS bool) {
 	sBasePath = basePath
 	sWorkingPath = workingPath
@ -59,6 +67,10 @@ func FormatMemoryBytes(length int64) string {
 	return humanize.MemoryBytes(uint64(length))
 }

+func FormatDuration(duration int64) string {
+	return log.FormatDuration(time.Duration(duration) * time.Millisecond)
+}
+
 func ProxyDisplayType(proxyType string) string {
 	return C.ProxyDisplayName(proxyType)
 }
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.20.0
 	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.3.7
 	github.com/cretz/bine v0.2.0
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0
 	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.12
 	github.com/go-chi/cors v1.2.1
 	github.com/go-chi/render v1.0.3
@ -17,23 +16,24 @@ require (
 	github.com/libdns/cloudflare v0.1.1
 	github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v2.0.3+incompatible
 	github.com/mholt/acmez v1.2.0
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.59
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.61
 	github.com/ooni/go-libtor v1.1.8
 	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang v1.12.0
 	github.com/sagernet/bbolt v0.0.0-20231014093535-ea5cb2fe9f0a
 	github.com/sagernet/cloudflare-tls v0.0.0-20231208171750-a4483c1b7cd1
+	github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1
 	github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.3
 	github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20240428053021-e691de28565f
 	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.45.1-beta.2
 	github.com/sagernet/reality v0.0.0-20230406110435-ee17307e7691
-	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.4.1
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-dns v0.2.1-0.20240624030536-ca4a5f7afb65
+	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.5.0-alpha.12
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-dns v0.3.0-beta.10
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.2.0
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.2.0-beta.12
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.7
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.0
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.1.4
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.3.2
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.4.0-beta.13.0.20240703164908-1f043289199d
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.1.12
 	github.com/sagernet/smux v0.0.0-20231208180855-7041f6ea79e7
 	github.com/sagernet/tfo-go v0.0.0-20231209031829-7b5343ac1dc6
@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.25.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2
@ -59,12 +59,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/ajg/form v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gaukas/godicttls v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20230315185526-52ccab3ef572 // indirect
 	github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20231101202521-4ca4178f5c7a // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/yamux v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
@ -72,24 +74,27 @@ require (
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.4 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.5 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.9.7 // indirect
 	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qtls-go1-20 v0.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240523065131-45e60152f9ba // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/u-root/uio v0.0.0-20230220225925-ffce2a382923 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20211101163701-50045581ed74 // indirect
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.3 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240416160154-fe59bbe5cc7f // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240613232115-7f521ea00fb8 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240227224415-6ceb2ff114de // indirect
 	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek
 github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 h1:xf4v41cLI2Z6FxbKm+8Bu+m8ifhj15JuZ9sa0jZCMUU=
 github.com/google/btree v1.1.2/go.mod h1:qOPhT0dTNdNzV6Z/lhRX0YXUafgPLFUh+gZMl761Gm4=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20231101202521-4ca4178f5c7a h1:fEBsGL/sjAuJrgah5XqmmYsTLzJp/TO9Lhy39gkverk=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20231101202521-4ca4178f5c7a/go.mod h1:czg5+yv1E0ZGTi6S6vVK1mke0fV+FaUhNGcd6VRS9Ik=
 github.com/hashicorp/yamux v0.1.1 h1:yrQxtgseBDrq9Y652vSRDvsKCJKOUD+GzTS4Y0Y8pvE=
@ -69,10 +70,14 @@ github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.2 h1:O6ws7bAfRPaBsgAYt8MDe2HcNBGC29hkZ9MX2eUSX3s=
 github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.2/go.mod h1:4Bj9+5CQiNMVGf87wjX4CY3HQJypUHRuLvlsfsZqLWQ=
 github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v2.0.3+incompatible h1:tOpm7WcpBTn4fjmVfgpQq0EfczGlG91VSDkswnjF5A8=
 github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v2.0.3+incompatible/go.mod h1:7rIyQOR62GCctdiQpZ/zOJlFyk6y+94wXzv6RNZgaR4=
+github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 h1:/UtM3ofJap7Vl4QWCPDGXY8d3GIY2UGSDbK+QWmY8/g=
+github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2/go.mod h1:xraEF7uJbxLhc5fpHL4cPe221LI2bdttWlU+ZGLfQSw=
+github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1 h1:eM9y2/jlbs1M615oshPQOHZzj6R6wMT7bX5NPiQvn2U=
+github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1/go.mod h1:cAqeGjoufqdxWkD7DkpyS+wcefOtmu5OQ8KuoJGIReA=
 github.com/mholt/acmez v1.2.0 h1:1hhLxSgY5FvH5HCnGUuwbKY2VQVo8IU7rxXKSnZ7F30=
 github.com/mholt/acmez v1.2.0/go.mod h1:VT9YwH1xgNX1kmYY89gY8xPJC84BFAisjo8Egigt4kE=
-github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.59 h1:C9EXc/UToRwKLhK5wKU/I4QVsBUc8kE6MkHBkeypWZs=
-github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.59/go.mod h1:nZpewl5p6IvctfgrckopVx2OlSEHPRO/U4SYkRklrEk=
+github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.61 h1:nLxbwF3XxhwVSm8g9Dghm9MHPaUZuqhPiGL+675ZmEs=
+github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.61/go.mod h1:mnAarhS3nWaW+NVP2wTkYVIZyHNJ098SJZUki3eykwQ=
 github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e h1:fD57ERR4JtEqsWbfPhv4DMiApHyliiK5xCTNVSPiaAs=
 github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e/go.mod h1:zD1mROLANZcx1PVRCS0qkT7pwLkGfwJo4zjcN/Tysno=
 github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.9.7 h1:06xGQy5www2oN160RtEZoTvnP2sPhEfePYmCDc2szss=
@ -95,21 +100,25 @@ github.com/sagernet/bbolt v0.0.0-20231014093535-ea5cb2fe9f0a h1:+NkI2670SQpQWvkk
 github.com/sagernet/bbolt v0.0.0-20231014093535-ea5cb2fe9f0a/go.mod h1:63s7jpZqcDAIpj8oI/1v4Izok+npJOHACFCU6+huCkM=
 github.com/sagernet/cloudflare-tls v0.0.0-20231208171750-a4483c1b7cd1 h1:YbmpqPQEMdlk9oFSKYWRqVuu9qzNiOayIonKmv1gCXY=
 github.com/sagernet/cloudflare-tls v0.0.0-20231208171750-a4483c1b7cd1/go.mod h1:J2yAxTFPDjrDPhuAi9aWFz2L3ox9it4qAluBBbN0H5k=
+github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1 h1:YqID+93B7VRfqIH3PArW/XpJv5H4OLEVWDfProGoRQs=
+github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1/go.mod h1:nz85laH0mkQqJfaOrqPpkwtU1znMFNVTpT/5oRsVz/o=
 github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.3 h1:ohjIb1Ou2+1558PnZour3od69suSuvkdSVOlO1tC4B8=
 github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.3/go.mod h1:Pqq2+ZVvs10U7xK+UwJgwYWUykewi8H6vlslAO73n9E=
 github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20240428053021-e691de28565f h1:NkhuupzH5ch7b/Y/6ZHJWrnNLoiNnSJaow6DPb8VW2I=
 github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20240428053021-e691de28565f/go.mod h1:KXmw+ouSJNOsuRpg4wgwwCQuunrGz4yoAqQjsLjc6N0=
-github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240523065131-45e60152f9ba h1:EY5AS7CCtfmARNv2zXUOrsEMPFDGYxaw65JzA2p51Vk=
-github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240523065131-45e60152f9ba/go.mod h1:xLnfdiJbSp8rNqYEdIW/6eDO4mVoogml14Bh2hSiFpM=
+github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a h1:ObwtHN2VpqE0ZNjr6sGeT00J8uU7JF4cNUdb44/Duis=
+github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a/go.mod h1:xLnfdiJbSp8rNqYEdIW/6eDO4mVoogml14Bh2hSiFpM=
+github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4 h1:kbULlAwAC3jvdGAC1P5Fa3GSxVwQJibNenDW2zaXr8I=
+github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4/go.mod h1:OQXAjvjNGGFxaTgVCSTRIhYB5/llyVDeapVoENYBDS8=
 github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.45.1-beta.2 h1:zkEeCbhdFFkrxKcuIRBtXNKci/1t2J/39QSG/sPvlmc=
 github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.45.1-beta.2/go.mod h1:+N3FqM9DAzOWfe64uxXuBejVJwX7DeW7BslzLO6N/xI=
 github.com/sagernet/reality v0.0.0-20230406110435-ee17307e7691 h1:5Th31OC6yj8byLGkEnIYp6grlXfo1QYUfiYFGjewIdc=
 github.com/sagernet/reality v0.0.0-20230406110435-ee17307e7691/go.mod h1:B8lp4WkQ1PwNnrVMM6KyuFR20pU8jYBD+A4EhJovEXU=
 github.com/sagernet/sing v0.2.18/go.mod h1:OL6k2F0vHmEzXz2KW19qQzu172FDgSbUSODylighuVo=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.4.1 h1:zVlpE+7k7AFoC2pv6ReqLf0PIHjihL/jsBl5k05PQFk=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.4.1/go.mod h1:ieZHA/+Y9YZfXs2I3WtuwgyCZ6GPsIR7HdKb1SdEnls=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-dns v0.2.1-0.20240624030536-ca4a5f7afb65 h1:lcCe7E1csuyUA3RCvpFcIYOy6FIifDthKaCrUjLG4xA=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-dns v0.2.1-0.20240624030536-ca4a5f7afb65/go.mod h1:dArgyPZmK8+zDBVRMjV3r12zHgnTara0ahrWwSe/eQE=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.5.0-alpha.12 h1:pjffG3SUpuF9PLDCqPO2fOAUozXItIBmnMVTKQ/QMhM=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.5.0-alpha.12/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-dns v0.3.0-beta.10 h1:Js61EjQXVpcu2VDegWEQTH1isCcVwJju8WEHYgG4tQ0=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-dns v0.3.0-beta.10/go.mod h1:nXE6EYMXahB5DV3AcXYbFfuorqF7tbQ86kxweSxRKM4=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.2.0 h1:4C+vd8HztJCWNYfufvgL49xaOoOHXty2+EAjnzN3IYo=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.2.0/go.mod h1:khzr9AOPocLa+g53dBplwNDz4gdsyx/YM3swtAhlkHQ=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.2.0-beta.12 h1:BhvA5mmrDFEyDUQB5eeu+9UhF+ieyuNJ5Rsb0dAG3QY=
@ -120,8 +129,8 @@ github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.0 h1:wpZNs6wKnR7mh1wV9OHwOyUr21VkS3wK
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.0/go.mod h1:RnXS0lExcDAovvDeniJ4IKa2IuChrdipolPYWBv9hWQ=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.1.4 h1:aTgBSJEgnumzFenPvc+kbD9/W0PywzWevnVpEx6Tw3k=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.1.4/go.mod h1:F8NBgsY5YN2beQavdgdm1DPlhaKQlaL6lpDdcBglGK4=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.3.2 h1:z0bLUT/YXH9RrJS9DsIpB0Bb9afl2hVJOmHd0zA3HJY=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.3.2/go.mod h1:DxLIyhjWU/HwGYoX0vNGg2c5QgTQIakphU1MuERR5tQ=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.4.0-beta.13.0.20240703164908-1f043289199d h1:2nBM9W9fOCM45hjlu1Fh9qyzBCgKEkq+SOuRCbCCs7c=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.4.0-beta.13.0.20240703164908-1f043289199d/go.mod h1:81JwnnYw8X9W9XvmZetSTTiPgIE3SbAbnc+EHKwPJ5U=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.1.12 h1:2gFD8JJb+eTFMoa8FIVMnknEi+vCSfaiTXTfEYAYAPg=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.1.12/go.mod h1:luTSsfyBGAc9VhtCqwjR+dt1QgqBhuYBCONB/POhF8I=
 github.com/sagernet/smux v0.0.0-20231208180855-7041f6ea79e7 h1:DImB4lELfQhplLTxeq2z31Fpv8CQqqrUwTbrIRumZqQ=
@ -146,8 +155,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsT
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/u-root/uio v0.0.0-20230220225925-ffce2a382923 h1:tHNk7XK9GkmKUR6Gh8gVBKXc2MVSZ4G/NnWLtzw4gNA=
 github.com/u-root/uio v0.0.0-20230220225925-ffce2a382923/go.mod h1:eLL9Nub3yfAho7qB0MzZizFhTU2QkLeoVsWdHtDW264=
-github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20211101163701-50045581ed74 h1:gga7acRE695APm9hlsSMoOoE65U4/TcqNj90mc69Rlg=
-github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20211101163701-50045581ed74/go.mod h1:DD4vA1DwXk04H54A1oHXtwZmA0grkVMdPxx/VGLCah0=
+github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 h1:Oeaw1EM2JMxD51g9uhtC0D7erkIjgmj8+JZc26m1YX8=
+github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZlaprSwhNNJM=
 github.com/zeebo/assert v1.1.0 h1:hU1L1vLTHsnO8x8c9KAR5GmM5QscxHg5RNU5z5qbUWY=
 github.com/zeebo/assert v1.1.0/go.mod h1:Pq9JiuJQpG8JLJdtkwrJESF0Foym2/D9XMU5ciN/wJ0=
 github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.3 h1:TFoLXsjeXqRNFxSbk35Dk4YtszE/MQQGK10BH4ptoTg=
@ -163,20 +172,19 @@ go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba h1:0b9z3AuHCjxk0x/opv64kcgZLBs
 go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba/go.mod h1:PLyyIXexvUFg3Owu6p/WfdlivPbZJsZdgWZlrGope/Y=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190404164418-38d8ce5564a5/go.mod h1:WFFai1msRO1wXaEeE5yQxYXgSfI8pQAWXbQop6sCtWE=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210513164829-c07d793c2f9a/go.mod h1:P+XmwS30IXTQdn5tA2iutPOUgjI07+tq3H3K9MVA1s8=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0 h1:dIJU/v2J8Mdglj/8rJ6UUOM3Zc9zLZxVZwwxMooUSAI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0/go.mod h1:CKFgDieR+mRhux2Lsu27y0fO304Db0wZe70UKqHu0v8=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240416160154-fe59bbe5cc7f h1:99ci1mjWVBWwJiEKYY6jWa4d2nTQVIEhZIptnrVb1XY=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240416160154-fe59bbe5cc7f/go.mod h1:/lliqkxwWAhPjf5oSOIJup2XcqJaw8RGS6k3TGEc7GI=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240613232115-7f521ea00fb8 h1:yixxcjnhBmY0nkL253HFVIm0JsFHwrHdT3Yh6szTnfY=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240613232115-7f521ea00fb8/go.mod h1:jj3sYF3dwk5D+ghuXyeI3r5MFf+NT2An6/9dOA95KSI=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 h1:5+9lSbEzPSdWkH32vYPBwEpX8KwDbM52Ud9xBUvNlb0=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210525063256-abc453219eb5/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
-golang.org/x/net v0.25.0 h1:d/OCCoBEUq33pjydKrGQhw7IlUPI2Oylr+8qLx49kac=
-golang.org/x/net v0.25.0/go.mod h1:JkAGAh7GEvH74S6FOH42FLoXpXbE/aqXSrIQjXgsiwM=
+golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
+golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190403152447-81d4e9dc473e/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200217220822-9197077df867/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220622161953-175b2fd9d664/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
@ -187,7 +195,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.20.0 h1:VnkxpohqXaOBYJtBmEppKUG6mXpi+4O6purfc2+sMhw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.21.0 h1:WVXCp+/EBEHOj53Rvu+7KiT/iElMrO8ACK16SMZ3jaA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@ -195,8 +203,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
 golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
 golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d h1:vU5i/LfpvrRCpgM/VPfJLg5KjxD3E+hfT1SH+d9zLwg=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 h1:gqSGLZqv+AI9lIQzniJ0nZDRG5GBPsSi+DRNHWNz6yA=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0/go.mod h1:aCwcsjqvq7Yqt6TNyX7QMU2enbQ/Gt0bo6krSeEri+c=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 h1:CawjfCvYQH2OU3/TnxLx97WDSUDRABfT18pCOYwc2GE=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6/go.mod h1:3rxYc4HtVcSG9gVaTs2GEBdehh+sYPOwKtyUWEOTb80=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240227224415-6ceb2ff114de h1:cZGRis4/ot9uVm639a+rHCUaG0JJHEsdyzSQTMX+suY=
--- a/inbound/builder.go
+++ b/inbound/builder.go
@ -11,43 +11,43 @@ import (
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 )

-func New(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.Inbound, platformInterface platform.Interface) (adapter.Inbound, error) {
+func New(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.Inbound, platformInterface platform.Interface) (adapter.Inbound, error) {
 	if options.Type == "" {
 		return nil, E.New("missing inbound type")
 	}
 	switch options.Type {
 	case C.TypeTun:
-		return NewTun(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.TunOptions, platformInterface)
+		return NewTun(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.TunOptions, platformInterface)
 	case C.TypeRedirect:
-		return NewRedirect(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.RedirectOptions), nil
+		return NewRedirect(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.RedirectOptions), nil
 	case C.TypeTProxy:
-		return NewTProxy(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.TProxyOptions), nil
+		return NewTProxy(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.TProxyOptions), nil
 	case C.TypeDirect:
-		return NewDirect(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.DirectOptions), nil
+		return NewDirect(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.DirectOptions), nil
 	case C.TypeSOCKS:
-		return NewSocks(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.SocksOptions), nil
+		return NewSocks(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.SocksOptions), nil
 	case C.TypeHTTP:
-		return NewHTTP(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.HTTPOptions)
+		return NewHTTP(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.HTTPOptions)
 	case C.TypeMixed:
-		return NewMixed(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.MixedOptions), nil
+		return NewMixed(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.MixedOptions), nil
 	case C.TypeShadowsocks:
-		return NewShadowsocks(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.ShadowsocksOptions)
+		return NewShadowsocks(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.ShadowsocksOptions)
 	case C.TypeVMess:
-		return NewVMess(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.VMessOptions)
+		return NewVMess(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.VMessOptions)
 	case C.TypeTrojan:
-		return NewTrojan(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.TrojanOptions)
+		return NewTrojan(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.TrojanOptions)
 	case C.TypeNaive:
-		return NewNaive(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.NaiveOptions)
+		return NewNaive(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.NaiveOptions)
 	case C.TypeHysteria:
-		return NewHysteria(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.HysteriaOptions)
+		return NewHysteria(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.HysteriaOptions)
 	case C.TypeShadowTLS:
-		return NewShadowTLS(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.ShadowTLSOptions)
+		return NewShadowTLS(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.ShadowTLSOptions)
 	case C.TypeVLESS:
-		return NewVLESS(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.VLESSOptions)
+		return NewVLESS(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.VLESSOptions)
 	case C.TypeTUIC:
-		return NewTUIC(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.TUICOptions)
+		return NewTUIC(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.TUICOptions)
 	case C.TypeHysteria2:
-		return NewHysteria2(ctx, router, logger, options.Tag, options.Hysteria2Options)
+		return NewHysteria2(ctx, router, logger, tag, options.Hysteria2Options)
 	default:
 		return nil, E.New("unknown inbound type: ", options.Type)
 	}
--- a/inbound/mixed.go
+++ b/inbound/mixed.go
@ -12,10 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/auth"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/http"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/socks"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/socks/socks4"
@ -51,17 +48,18 @@ func NewMixed(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogg
 }

 func (h *Mixed) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext) error {
-	headerType, err := rw.ReadByte(conn)
+	reader := std_bufio.NewReader(conn)
+	headerBytes, err := reader.Peek(1)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	switch headerType {
+	switch headerBytes[0] {
 	case socks4.Version, socks5.Version:
-		return socks.HandleConnection0(ctx, conn, headerType, h.authenticator, h.upstreamUserHandler(metadata), adapter.UpstreamMetadata(metadata))
-	}
-	reader := std_bufio.NewReader(bufio.NewCachedReader(conn, buf.As([]byte{headerType})))
+		return socks.HandleConnection0(ctx, conn, reader, h.authenticator, h.upstreamUserHandler(metadata), adapter.UpstreamMetadata(metadata))
+	default:
 		return http.HandleConnection(ctx, conn, reader, h.authenticator, h.upstreamUserHandler(metadata), adapter.UpstreamMetadata(metadata))
 	}
+}

 func (h *Mixed) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata adapter.InboundContext) error {
 	return os.ErrInvalid
--- a/inbound/tun.go
+++ b/inbound/tun.go
@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ package inbound
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@ -19,6 +22,9 @@ import (
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ranges"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+
+	"go4.org/netipx"
 )

 var _ adapter.Inbound = (*Tun)(nil)
@ -37,9 +43,70 @@ type Tun struct {
 	tunStack                    tun.Stack
 	platformInterface           platform.Interface
 	platformOptions             option.TunPlatformOptions
+	autoRedirect                tun.AutoRedirect
+	routeRuleSet                []adapter.RuleSet
+	routeRuleSetCallback        []*list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]
+	routeExcludeRuleSet         []adapter.RuleSet
+	routeExcludeRuleSetCallback []*list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]
+	routeAddressSet             []*netipx.IPSet
+	routeExcludeAddressSet      []*netipx.IPSet
 }

 func NewTun(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.TunInboundOptions, platformInterface platform.Interface) (*Tun, error) {
+	address := options.Address
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if len(options.Inet4Address) > 0 {
+		address = append(address, options.Inet4Address...)
+	}
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if len(options.Inet6Address) > 0 {
+		address = append(address, options.Inet6Address...)
+	}
+	inet4Address := common.Filter(address, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+		return it.Addr().Is4()
+	})
+	inet6Address := common.Filter(address, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+		return it.Addr().Is6()
+	})
+
+	routeAddress := options.RouteAddress
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if len(options.Inet4RouteAddress) > 0 {
+		routeAddress = append(routeAddress, options.Inet4RouteAddress...)
+	}
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if len(options.Inet6RouteAddress) > 0 {
+		routeAddress = append(routeAddress, options.Inet6RouteAddress...)
+	}
+	inet4RouteAddress := common.Filter(routeAddress, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+		return it.Addr().Is4()
+	})
+	inet6RouteAddress := common.Filter(routeAddress, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+		return it.Addr().Is6()
+	})
+
+	routeExcludeAddress := options.RouteExcludeAddress
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if len(options.Inet4RouteExcludeAddress) > 0 {
+		routeExcludeAddress = append(routeExcludeAddress, options.Inet4RouteExcludeAddress...)
+	}
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if len(options.Inet6RouteExcludeAddress) > 0 {
+		routeExcludeAddress = append(routeExcludeAddress, options.Inet6RouteExcludeAddress...)
+	}
+	inet4RouteExcludeAddress := common.Filter(routeExcludeAddress, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+		return it.Addr().Is4()
+	})
+	inet6RouteExcludeAddress := common.Filter(routeExcludeAddress, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+		return it.Addr().Is6()
+	})
+
 	tunMTU := options.MTU
 	if tunMTU == 0 {
 		tunMTU = 9000
@ -50,9 +117,9 @@ func NewTun(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger
 	} else {
 		udpTimeout = C.UDPTimeout
 	}
+	var err error
 	includeUID := uidToRange(options.IncludeUID)
 	if len(options.IncludeUIDRange) > 0 {
-		var err error
 		includeUID, err = parseRange(includeUID, options.IncludeUIDRange)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse include_uid_range")
@ -60,13 +127,30 @@ func NewTun(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger
 	}
 	excludeUID := uidToRange(options.ExcludeUID)
 	if len(options.ExcludeUIDRange) > 0 {
-		var err error
 		excludeUID, err = parseRange(excludeUID, options.ExcludeUIDRange)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse exclude_uid_range")
 		}
 	}
-	return &Tun{
+
+	tableIndex := options.IPRoute2TableIndex
+	if tableIndex == 0 {
+		tableIndex = tun.DefaultIPRoute2TableIndex
+	}
+	ruleIndex := options.IPRoute2RuleIndex
+	if ruleIndex == 0 {
+		ruleIndex = tun.DefaultIPRoute2RuleIndex
+	}
+	inputMark := uint32(options.AutoRedirectInputMark)
+	if inputMark == 0 {
+		inputMark = tun.DefaultAutoRedirectInputMark
+	}
+	outputMark := uint32(options.AutoRedirectOutputMark)
+	if outputMark == 0 {
+		outputMark = tun.DefaultAutoRedirectOutputMark
+	}
+
+	inbound := &Tun{
 		tag:            tag,
 		ctx:            ctx,
 		router:         router,
@ -76,30 +160,83 @@ func NewTun(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger
 			Name:                     options.InterfaceName,
 			MTU:                      tunMTU,
 			GSO:                      options.GSO,
-			Inet4Address:             options.Inet4Address,
-			Inet6Address:             options.Inet6Address,
+			Inet4Address:             inet4Address,
+			Inet6Address:             inet6Address,
 			AutoRoute:                options.AutoRoute,
+			IPRoute2TableIndex:       tableIndex,
+			IPRoute2RuleIndex:        ruleIndex,
+			AutoRedirectInputMark:    inputMark,
+			AutoRedirectOutputMark:   outputMark,
 			StrictRoute:              options.StrictRoute,
 			IncludeInterface:         options.IncludeInterface,
 			ExcludeInterface:         options.ExcludeInterface,
-			Inet4RouteAddress:        options.Inet4RouteAddress,
-			Inet6RouteAddress:        options.Inet6RouteAddress,
-			Inet4RouteExcludeAddress: options.Inet4RouteExcludeAddress,
-			Inet6RouteExcludeAddress: options.Inet6RouteExcludeAddress,
+			Inet4RouteAddress:        inet4RouteAddress,
+			Inet6RouteAddress:        inet6RouteAddress,
+			Inet4RouteExcludeAddress: inet4RouteExcludeAddress,
+			Inet6RouteExcludeAddress: inet6RouteExcludeAddress,
 			IncludeUID:               includeUID,
 			ExcludeUID:               excludeUID,
 			IncludeAndroidUser:       options.IncludeAndroidUser,
 			IncludePackage:           options.IncludePackage,
 			ExcludePackage:           options.ExcludePackage,
 			InterfaceMonitor:         router.InterfaceMonitor(),
-			TableIndex:               2022,
 		},
 		endpointIndependentNat: options.EndpointIndependentNat,
 		udpTimeout:             int64(udpTimeout.Seconds()),
 		stack:                  options.Stack,
 		platformInterface:      platformInterface,
 		platformOptions:        common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Platform),
-	}, nil
+	}
+	if options.AutoRedirect {
+		if !options.AutoRoute {
+			return nil, E.New("`auto_route` is required by `auto_redirect`")
+		}
+		disableNFTables, dErr := strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv("DISABLE_NFTABLES"))
+		inbound.autoRedirect, err = tun.NewAutoRedirect(tun.AutoRedirectOptions{
+			TunOptions:             &inbound.tunOptions,
+			Context:                ctx,
+			Handler:                inbound,
+			Logger:                 logger,
+			NetworkMonitor:         router.NetworkMonitor(),
+			InterfaceFinder:        router.InterfaceFinder(),
+			TableName:              "sing-box",
+			DisableNFTables:        dErr == nil && disableNFTables,
+			RouteAddressSet:        &inbound.routeAddressSet,
+			RouteExcludeAddressSet: &inbound.routeExcludeAddressSet,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize auto-redirect")
+		}
+		if runtime.GOOS != "android" {
+			var markMode bool
+			for _, routeAddressSet := range options.RouteAddressSet {
+				ruleSet, loaded := router.RuleSet(routeAddressSet)
+				if !loaded {
+					return nil, E.New("parse route_address_set: rule-set not found: ", routeAddressSet)
+				}
+				ruleSet.IncRef()
+				inbound.routeRuleSet = append(inbound.routeRuleSet, ruleSet)
+				markMode = true
+			}
+			for _, routeExcludeAddressSet := range options.RouteExcludeAddressSet {
+				ruleSet, loaded := router.RuleSet(routeExcludeAddressSet)
+				if !loaded {
+					return nil, E.New("parse route_exclude_address_set: rule-set not found: ", routeExcludeAddressSet)
+				}
+				ruleSet.IncRef()
+				inbound.routeExcludeRuleSet = append(inbound.routeExcludeRuleSet, ruleSet)
+				markMode = true
+			}
+			if markMode {
+				inbound.tunOptions.AutoRedirectMarkMode = true
+				err = router.RegisterAutoRedirectOutputMark(inbound.tunOptions.AutoRedirectOutputMark)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return inbound, nil
 }

 func uidToRange(uidList option.Listable[uint32]) []ranges.Range[uint32] {
@ -121,11 +258,11 @@ func parseRange(uidRanges []ranges.Range[uint32], rangeList []string) ([]ranges.
 		}
 		var start, end uint64
 		var err error
-		start, err = strconv.ParseUint(uidRange[:subIndex], 10, 32)
+		start, err = strconv.ParseUint(uidRange[:subIndex], 0, 32)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse range start")
 		}
-		end, err = strconv.ParseUint(uidRange[subIndex+1:], 10, 32)
+		end, err = strconv.ParseUint(uidRange[subIndex+1:], 0, 32)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse range end")
 		}
@ -200,10 +337,58 @@ func (t *Tun) Start() error {
 	return nil
 }

+func (t *Tun) PostStart() error {
+	monitor := taskmonitor.New(t.logger, C.StartTimeout)
+	if t.autoRedirect != nil {
+		t.routeAddressSet = common.FlatMap(t.routeRuleSet, adapter.RuleSet.ExtractIPSet)
+		for _, routeRuleSet := range t.routeRuleSet {
+			ipSets := routeRuleSet.ExtractIPSet()
+			if len(ipSets) == 0 {
+				t.logger.Warn("route_address_set: no destination IP CIDR rules found in rule-set: ", routeRuleSet.Name())
+			}
+			t.routeAddressSet = append(t.routeAddressSet, ipSets...)
+		}
+		t.routeExcludeAddressSet = common.FlatMap(t.routeExcludeRuleSet, adapter.RuleSet.ExtractIPSet)
+		for _, routeExcludeRuleSet := range t.routeExcludeRuleSet {
+			ipSets := routeExcludeRuleSet.ExtractIPSet()
+			if len(ipSets) == 0 {
+				t.logger.Warn("route_address_set: no destination IP CIDR rules found in rule-set: ", routeExcludeRuleSet.Name())
+			}
+			t.routeExcludeAddressSet = append(t.routeExcludeAddressSet, ipSets...)
+		}
+		monitor.Start("initialize auto-redirect")
+		err := t.autoRedirect.Start()
+		monitor.Finish()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "auto-redirect")
+		}
+		for _, routeRuleSet := range t.routeRuleSet {
+			t.routeRuleSetCallback = append(t.routeRuleSetCallback, routeRuleSet.RegisterCallback(t.updateRouteAddressSet))
+			routeRuleSet.DecRef()
+		}
+		for _, routeExcludeRuleSet := range t.routeExcludeRuleSet {
+			t.routeExcludeRuleSetCallback = append(t.routeExcludeRuleSetCallback, routeExcludeRuleSet.RegisterCallback(t.updateRouteAddressSet))
+			routeExcludeRuleSet.DecRef()
+		}
+		t.routeAddressSet = nil
+		t.routeExcludeAddressSet = nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) updateRouteAddressSet(it adapter.RuleSet) {
+	t.routeAddressSet = common.FlatMap(t.routeRuleSet, adapter.RuleSet.ExtractIPSet)
+	t.routeExcludeAddressSet = common.FlatMap(t.routeExcludeRuleSet, adapter.RuleSet.ExtractIPSet)
+	t.autoRedirect.UpdateRouteAddressSet()
+	t.routeAddressSet = nil
+	t.routeExcludeAddressSet = nil
+}
+
 func (t *Tun) Close() error {
 	return common.Close(
 		t.tunStack,
 		t.tunIf,
+		t.autoRedirect,
 	)
 }

@ -215,7 +400,11 @@ func (t *Tun) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, upstreamMetadata
 	metadata.Source = upstreamMetadata.Source
 	metadata.Destination = upstreamMetadata.Destination
 	metadata.InboundOptions = t.inboundOptions
+	if upstreamMetadata.Protocol != "" {
+		t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound ", upstreamMetadata.Protocol, " connection from ", metadata.Source)
+	} else {
 		t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound connection from ", metadata.Source)
+	}
 	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound connection to ", metadata.Destination)
 	err := t.router.RouteConnection(ctx, conn, metadata)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/inbound/vless.go
+++ b/inbound/vless.go
@ -83,13 +83,12 @@ func NewVLESS(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogg
 }

 func (h *VLESS) Start() error {
-	err := common.Start(
-		h.service,
-		h.tlsConfig,
-	)
+	if h.tlsConfig != nil {
+		err := h.tlsConfig.Start()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+	}
 	if h.transport == nil {
 		return h.myInboundAdapter.Start()
 	}
--- a/inbound/vmess.go
+++ b/inbound/vmess.go
@ -93,13 +93,16 @@ func NewVMess(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogg
 }

 func (h *VMess) Start() error {
-	err := common.Start(
-		h.service,
-		h.tlsConfig,
-	)
+	err := h.service.Start()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if h.tlsConfig != nil {
+		err = h.tlsConfig.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	if h.transport == nil {
 		return h.myInboundAdapter.Start()
 	}
--- a/log/format.go
+++ b/log/format.go
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (f Formatter) Format(ctx context.Context, level Level, tag string, message
 		id, hasId = IDFromContext(ctx)
 	}
 	if hasId {
-		activeDuration := formatDuration(time.Since(id.CreatedAt))
+		activeDuration := FormatDuration(time.Since(id.CreatedAt))
 		if !f.DisableColors {
 			var color aurora.Color
 			color = aurora.Color(uint8(id.ID))
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (f Formatter) FormatWithSimple(ctx context.Context, level Level, tag string
 		id, hasId = IDFromContext(ctx)
 	}
 	if hasId {
-		activeDuration := formatDuration(time.Since(id.CreatedAt))
+		activeDuration := FormatDuration(time.Since(id.CreatedAt))
 		if !f.DisableColors {
 			var color aurora.Color
 			color = aurora.Color(uint8(id.ID))
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func xd(value int, x int) string {
 	return message
 }

-func formatDuration(duration time.Duration) string {
+func FormatDuration(duration time.Duration) string {
 	if duration < time.Second {
 		return F.ToString(duration.Milliseconds(), "ms")
 	} else if duration < time.Minute {
--- a/option/outbound.go
+++ b/option/outbound.go
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ type DialerOptions struct {
 	Inet4BindAddress    *ListenAddress `json:"inet4_bind_address,omitempty"`
 	Inet6BindAddress    *ListenAddress `json:"inet6_bind_address,omitempty"`
 	ProtectPath         string         `json:"protect_path,omitempty"`
-	RoutingMark         int            `json:"routing_mark,omitempty"`
+	RoutingMark         uint32         `json:"routing_mark,omitempty"`
 	ReuseAddr           bool           `json:"reuse_addr,omitempty"`
 	ConnectTimeout      Duration       `json:"connect_timeout,omitempty"`
 	TCPFastOpen         bool           `json:"tcp_fast_open,omitempty"`
--- a/option/route.go
+++ b/option/route.go
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ type RouteOptions struct {
 	AutoDetectInterface bool            `json:"auto_detect_interface,omitempty"`
 	OverrideAndroidVPN  bool            `json:"override_android_vpn,omitempty"`
 	DefaultInterface    string          `json:"default_interface,omitempty"`
-	DefaultMark         int             `json:"default_mark,omitempty"`
+	DefaultMark         uint32          `json:"default_mark,omitempty"`
 }

 type GeoIPOptions struct {
--- a/option/rule.go
+++ b/option/rule.go
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (r Rule) IsValid() bool {
 	}
 }

-type DefaultRule struct {
+type _DefaultRule struct {
 	Inbound                  Listable[string] `json:"inbound,omitempty"`
 	IPVersion                int              `json:"ip_version,omitempty"`
 	Network                  Listable[string] `json:"network,omitempty"`
@ -94,12 +94,31 @@ type DefaultRule struct {
 	WIFISSID                 Listable[string] `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
 	WIFIBSSID                Listable[string] `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
 	RuleSet                  Listable[string] `json:"rule_set,omitempty"`
-	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool             `json:"rule_set_ipcidr_match_source,omitempty"`
+	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool             `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source,omitempty"`
 	Invert                   bool             `json:"invert,omitempty"`
 	Outbound                 string           `json:"outbound,omitempty"`
+
+	// Deprecated: renamed to rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
+	Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource bool `json:"rule_set_ipcidr_match_source,omitempty"`
 }

-func (r DefaultRule) IsValid() bool {
+type DefaultRule _DefaultRule
+
+func (r *DefaultRule) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
+	err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, (*_DefaultRule)(r))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if r.Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource {
+		r.Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource = false
+		r.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource = true
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *DefaultRule) IsValid() bool {
 	var defaultValue DefaultRule
 	defaultValue.Invert = r.Invert
 	defaultValue.Outbound = r.Outbound
--- a/option/rule_dns.go
+++ b/option/rule_dns.go
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (r DNSRule) IsValid() bool {
 	}
 }

-type DefaultDNSRule struct {
+type _DefaultDNSRule struct {
 	Inbound                  Listable[string]       `json:"inbound,omitempty"`
 	IPVersion                int                    `json:"ip_version,omitempty"`
 	QueryType                Listable[DNSQueryType] `json:"query_type,omitempty"`
@ -96,15 +96,35 @@ type DefaultDNSRule struct {
 	WIFISSID                 Listable[string]       `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
 	WIFIBSSID                Listable[string]       `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
 	RuleSet                  Listable[string]       `json:"rule_set,omitempty"`
-	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool                   `json:"rule_set_ipcidr_match_source,omitempty"`
+	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool                   `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source,omitempty"`
+	RuleSetIPCIDRAcceptEmpty bool                   `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty,omitempty"`
 	Invert                   bool                   `json:"invert,omitempty"`
 	Server                   string                 `json:"server,omitempty"`
 	DisableCache             bool                   `json:"disable_cache,omitempty"`
 	RewriteTTL               *uint32                `json:"rewrite_ttl,omitempty"`
 	ClientSubnet             *AddrPrefix            `json:"client_subnet,omitempty"`
+
+	// Deprecated: renamed to rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
+	Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource bool `json:"rule_set_ipcidr_match_source,omitempty"`
 }

-func (r DefaultDNSRule) IsValid() bool {
+type DefaultDNSRule _DefaultDNSRule
+
+func (r *DefaultDNSRule) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
+	err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, (*_DefaultDNSRule)(r))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+	if r.Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource {
+		r.Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource = false
+		r.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource = true
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *DefaultDNSRule) IsValid() bool {
 	var defaultValue DefaultDNSRule
 	defaultValue.Invert = r.Invert
 	defaultValue.Server = r.Server
--- a/option/rule_set.go
+++ b/option/rule_set.go
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ type _RuleSet struct {
 	Type          string        `json:"type"`
 	Tag           string        `json:"tag"`
 	Format        string        `json:"format"`
+	InlineOptions PlainRuleSet  `json:"-"`
 	LocalOptions  LocalRuleSet  `json:"-"`
 	RemoteOptions RemoteRuleSet `json:"-"`
 }
@ -26,12 +27,15 @@ type RuleSet _RuleSet
 func (r RuleSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	var v any
 	switch r.Type {
+	case "", C.RuleSetTypeInline:
+		r.Type = ""
+		v = r.InlineOptions
 	case C.RuleSetTypeLocal:
 		v = r.LocalOptions
 	case C.RuleSetTypeRemote:
 		v = r.RemoteOptions
 	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown rule set type: " + r.Type)
+		return nil, E.New("unknown rule-set type: " + r.Type)
 	}
 	return MarshallObjects((_RuleSet)(r), v)
 }
@ -44,23 +48,28 @@ func (r *RuleSet) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
 	if r.Tag == "" {
 		return E.New("missing tag")
 	}
+	if r.Type != C.RuleSetTypeInline {
 		switch r.Format {
 		case "":
 			return E.New("missing format")
 		case C.RuleSetFormatSource, C.RuleSetFormatBinary:
 		default:
-		return E.New("unknown rule set format: " + r.Format)
+			return E.New("unknown rule-set format: " + r.Format)
+		}
+	} else {
+		r.Format = ""
 	}
 	var v any
 	switch r.Type {
+	case "", C.RuleSetTypeInline:
+		r.Type = C.RuleSetTypeInline
+		v = &r.InlineOptions
 	case C.RuleSetTypeLocal:
 		v = &r.LocalOptions
 	case C.RuleSetTypeRemote:
 		v = &r.RemoteOptions
-	case "":
-		return E.New("missing type")
 	default:
-		return E.New("unknown rule set type: " + r.Type)
+		return E.New("unknown rule-set type: " + r.Type)
 	}
 	err = UnmarshallExcluded(bytes, (*_RuleSet)(r), v)
 	if err != nil {
@ -188,7 +197,7 @@ func (r PlainRuleSetCompat) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	case C.RuleSetVersion1:
 		v = r.Options
 	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown rule set version: ", r.Version)
+		return nil, E.New("unknown rule-set version: ", r.Version)
 	}
 	return MarshallObjects((_PlainRuleSetCompat)(r), v)
 }
@ -203,9 +212,9 @@ func (r *PlainRuleSetCompat) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
 	case C.RuleSetVersion1:
 		v = &r.Options
 	case 0:
-		return E.New("missing rule set version")
+		return E.New("missing rule-set version")
 	default:
-		return E.New("unknown rule set version: ", r.Version)
+		return E.New("unknown rule-set version: ", r.Version)
 	}
 	err = UnmarshallExcluded(bytes, (*_PlainRuleSetCompat)(r), v)
 	if err != nil {
@ -214,15 +223,13 @@ func (r *PlainRuleSetCompat) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func (r PlainRuleSetCompat) Upgrade() PlainRuleSet {
-	var result PlainRuleSet
+func (r PlainRuleSetCompat) Upgrade() (PlainRuleSet, error) {
 	switch r.Version {
 	case C.RuleSetVersion1:
-		result = r.Options
 	default:
-		panic("unknown rule set version: " + F.ToString(r.Version))
+		return PlainRuleSet{}, E.New("unknown rule-set version: " + F.ToString(r.Version))
 	}
-	return result
+	return r.Options, nil
 }

 type PlainRuleSet struct {
--- a/option/tun.go
+++ b/option/tun.go
@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
 package option

-import "net/netip"
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
+)

 type TunInboundOptions struct {
 	InterfaceName          string                 `json:"interface_name,omitempty"`
 	MTU                    uint32                 `json:"mtu,omitempty"`
 	GSO                    bool                   `json:"gso,omitempty"`
-	Inet4Address             Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet4_address,omitempty"`
-	Inet6Address             Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet6_address,omitempty"`
+	Address                Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"address,omitempty"`
 	AutoRoute              bool                   `json:"auto_route,omitempty"`
+	IPRoute2TableIndex     int                    `json:"iproute2_table_index,omitempty"`
+	IPRoute2RuleIndex      int                    `json:"iproute2_rule_index,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirect           bool                   `json:"auto_redirect,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectInputMark  FwMark                 `json:"auto_redirect_input_mark,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectOutputMark FwMark                 `json:"auto_redirect_output_mark,omitempty"`
 	StrictRoute            bool                   `json:"strict_route,omitempty"`
-	Inet4RouteAddress        Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet4_route_address,omitempty"`
-	Inet6RouteAddress        Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet6_route_address,omitempty"`
-	Inet4RouteExcludeAddress Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet4_route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
-	Inet6RouteExcludeAddress Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet6_route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
+	RouteAddress           Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_address,omitempty"`
+	RouteAddressSet        Listable[string]       `json:"route_address_set,omitempty"`
+	RouteExcludeAddress    Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
+	RouteExcludeAddressSet Listable[string]       `json:"route_exclude_address_set,omitempty"`
 	IncludeInterface       Listable[string]       `json:"include_interface,omitempty"`
 	ExcludeInterface       Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_interface,omitempty"`
 	IncludeUID             Listable[uint32]       `json:"include_uid,omitempty"`
@ -28,4 +39,40 @@ type TunInboundOptions struct {
 	Stack                  string                 `json:"stack,omitempty"`
 	Platform               *TunPlatformOptions    `json:"platform,omitempty"`
 	InboundOptions
+
+	// Deprecated: merged to Address
+	Inet4Address Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet4_address,omitempty"`
+	// Deprecated: merged to Address
+	Inet6Address Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet6_address,omitempty"`
+	// Deprecated: merged to RouteAddress
+	Inet4RouteAddress Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet4_route_address,omitempty"`
+	// Deprecated: merged to RouteAddress
+	Inet6RouteAddress Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet6_route_address,omitempty"`
+	// Deprecated: merged to RouteExcludeAddress
+	Inet4RouteExcludeAddress Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet4_route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
+	// Deprecated: merged to RouteExcludeAddress
+	Inet6RouteExcludeAddress Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"inet6_route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type FwMark uint32
+
+func (f FwMark) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(F.ToString("0x", strconv.FormatUint(uint64(f), 16)))
+}
+
+func (f *FwMark) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
+	var stringValue string
+	err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &stringValue)
+	if err != nil {
+		if rawErr := json.Unmarshal(bytes, (*uint32)(f)); rawErr == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return E.Cause(err, "invalid number or string mark")
+	}
+	intValue, err := strconv.ParseUint(stringValue, 0, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	*f = FwMark(intValue)
+	return nil
 }
--- a/outbound/proxy.go
+++ b/outbound/proxy.go
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package outbound

 import (
-	std_bufio "bufio"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/hex"
@ -11,16 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/auth"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/http"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/socks"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/socks/socks4"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/socks/socks5"
 )

 type ProxyListener struct {
@ -102,16 +95,7 @@ func (l *ProxyListener) acceptLoop() {
 }

 func (l *ProxyListener) accept(ctx context.Context, conn *net.TCPConn) error {
-	headerType, err := rw.ReadByte(conn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	switch headerType {
-	case socks4.Version, socks5.Version:
-		return socks.HandleConnection0(ctx, conn, headerType, l.authenticator, l, M.Metadata{})
-	}
-	reader := std_bufio.NewReader(bufio.NewCachedReader(conn, buf.As([]byte{headerType})))
-	return http.HandleConnection(ctx, conn, reader, l.authenticator, l, M.Metadata{})
+	return socks.HandleConnection(ctx, conn, l.authenticator, l, M.Metadata{})
 }

 func (l *ProxyListener) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, upstreamMetadata M.Metadata) error {
--- a/outbound/tor.go
+++ b/outbound/tor.go
@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ func NewTor(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger
 	startConf.ExtraArgs = options.ExtraArgs
 	if options.DataDirectory != "" {
 		dataDirAbs, _ := filepath.Abs(startConf.DataDir)
-		if geoIPPath := filepath.Join(dataDirAbs, "geoip"); rw.FileExists(geoIPPath) && !common.Contains(options.ExtraArgs, "--GeoIPFile") {
+		if geoIPPath := filepath.Join(dataDirAbs, "geoip"); rw.IsFile(geoIPPath) && !common.Contains(options.ExtraArgs, "--GeoIPFile") {
 			options.ExtraArgs = append(options.ExtraArgs, "--GeoIPFile", geoIPPath)
 		}
-		if geoIP6Path := filepath.Join(dataDirAbs, "geoip6"); rw.FileExists(geoIP6Path) && !common.Contains(options.ExtraArgs, "--GeoIPv6File") {
+		if geoIP6Path := filepath.Join(dataDirAbs, "geoip6"); rw.IsFile(geoIP6Path) && !common.Contains(options.ExtraArgs, "--GeoIPv6File") {
 			options.ExtraArgs = append(options.ExtraArgs, "--GeoIPv6File", geoIP6Path)
 		}
 	}
@ -58,8 +58,12 @@ func NewTor(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger
 	}
 	if startConf.DataDir != "" {
 		torrcFile := filepath.Join(startConf.DataDir, "torrc")
-		if !rw.FileExists(torrcFile) {
-			err := rw.WriteFile(torrcFile, []byte(""))
+		err := rw.MkdirParent(torrcFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if !rw.IsFile(torrcFile) {
+			err := os.WriteFile(torrcFile, []byte(""), 0o600)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
--- a/route/router.go
+++ b/route/router.go
@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ type Router struct {
 	interfaceFinder                    *control.DefaultInterfaceFinder
 	autoDetectInterface                bool
 	defaultInterface                   string
-	defaultMark                        int
+	defaultMark                        uint32
+	autoRedirectOutputMark             uint32
 	networkMonitor                     tun.NetworkUpdateMonitor
 	interfaceMonitor                   tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
 	packageManager                     tun.PackageManager
@ -533,7 +534,10 @@ func (r *Router) Start() error {

 	if r.needPackageManager && r.platformInterface == nil {
 		monitor.Start("initialize package manager")
-		packageManager, err := tun.NewPackageManager(r)
+		packageManager, err := tun.NewPackageManager(tun.PackageManagerOptions{
+			Callback: r,
+			Logger:   r.logger,
+		})
 		monitor.Finish()
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "create package manager")
@ -724,10 +728,26 @@ func (r *Router) PostStart() error {
 			return E.Cause(err, "initialize rule[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
+	for _, ruleSet := range r.ruleSets {
+		monitor.Start("post start rule_set[", ruleSet.Name(), "]")
+		err := ruleSet.PostStart()
+		monitor.Finish()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "post start rule_set[", ruleSet.Name(), "]")
+		}
+	}
 	r.started = true
 	return nil
 }

+func (r *Router) Cleanup() error {
+	for _, ruleSet := range r.ruleSetMap {
+		ruleSet.Cleanup()
+	}
+	runtime.GC()
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (r *Router) Outbound(tag string) (adapter.Outbound, bool) {
 	outbound, loaded := r.outboundByTag[tag]
 	return outbound, loaded
@ -822,7 +842,16 @@ func (r *Router) RouteConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata ad

 	if metadata.InboundOptions.SniffEnabled {
 		buffer := buf.NewPacket()
-		sniffMetadata, err := sniff.PeekStream(ctx, conn, buffer, time.Duration(metadata.InboundOptions.SniffTimeout), sniff.StreamDomainNameQuery, sniff.TLSClientHello, sniff.HTTPHost)
+		sniffMetadata, err := sniff.PeekStream(
+			ctx,
+			conn,
+			buffer,
+			time.Duration(metadata.InboundOptions.SniffTimeout),
+			sniff.StreamDomainNameQuery,
+			sniff.TLSClientHello,
+			sniff.HTTPHost,
+			sniff.BitTorrent,
+		)
 		if sniffMetadata != nil {
 			metadata.Protocol = sniffMetadata.Protocol
 			metadata.Domain = sniffMetadata.Domain
@ -949,7 +978,16 @@ func (r *Router) RoutePacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, m
 			metadata.Destination = destination
 		}
 		if metadata.InboundOptions.SniffEnabled {
-			sniffMetadata, _ := sniff.PeekPacket(ctx, buffer.Bytes(), sniff.DomainNameQuery, sniff.QUICClientHello, sniff.STUNMessage)
+			sniffMetadata, _ := sniff.PeekPacket(
+				ctx,
+				buffer.Bytes(),
+				sniff.DomainNameQuery,
+				sniff.QUICClientHello,
+				sniff.STUNMessage,
+				sniff.UTP,
+				sniff.UDPTracker,
+				sniff.DTLSRecord,
+			)
 			if sniffMetadata != nil {
 				metadata.Protocol = sniffMetadata.Protocol
 				metadata.Domain = sniffMetadata.Domain
@ -1114,11 +1152,23 @@ func (r *Router) AutoDetectInterfaceFunc() control.Func {
 	}
 }

+func (r *Router) RegisterAutoRedirectOutputMark(mark uint32) error {
+	if r.autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
+		return E.New("only one auto-redirect can be configured")
+	}
+	r.autoRedirectOutputMark = mark
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *Router) AutoRedirectOutputMark() uint32 {
+	return r.autoRedirectOutputMark
+}
+
 func (r *Router) DefaultInterface() string {
 	return r.defaultInterface
 }

-func (r *Router) DefaultMark() int {
+func (r *Router) DefaultMark() uint32 {
 	return r.defaultMark
 }

--- a/route/router_dns.go
+++ b/route/router_dns.go
@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/cache"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@ -105,7 +104,8 @@ func (r *Router) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, er
 	response, cached = r.dnsClient.ExchangeCache(ctx, message)
 	if !cached {
 		var metadata *adapter.InboundContext
-		ctx, metadata = adapter.AppendContext(ctx)
+		ctx, metadata = adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
+		metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
 		if len(message.Question) > 0 {
 			metadata.QueryType = message.Question[0].Qtype
 			switch metadata.QueryType {
@ -125,23 +125,24 @@ func (r *Router) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, er
 		for {
 			var (
 				dnsCtx       context.Context
-				cancel       context.CancelFunc
 				addressLimit bool
 			)
-
 			dnsCtx, transport, strategy, rule, ruleIndex = r.matchDNS(ctx, true, ruleIndex, isAddressQuery(message))
-			dnsCtx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(dnsCtx, C.DNSTimeout)
+			dnsCtx = adapter.OverrideContext(dnsCtx)
 			if rule != nil && rule.WithAddressLimit() {
 				addressLimit = true
 				response, err = r.dnsClient.ExchangeWithResponseCheck(dnsCtx, transport, message, strategy, func(response *mDNS.Msg) bool {
-					metadata.DestinationAddresses, _ = dns.MessageToAddresses(response)
+					addresses, addrErr := dns.MessageToAddresses(response)
+					if addrErr != nil {
+						return false
+					}
+					metadata.DestinationAddresses = addresses
 					return rule.MatchAddressLimit(metadata)
 				})
 			} else {
 				addressLimit = false
 				response, err = r.dnsClient.Exchange(dnsCtx, transport, message, strategy)
 			}
-			cancel()
 			var rejected bool
 			if err != nil {
 				if errors.Is(err, dns.ErrResponseRejectedCached) {
@ -191,7 +192,8 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, strategy dns.DomainS
 		return responseAddrs, nil
 	}
 	r.dnsLogger.DebugContext(ctx, "lookup domain ", domain)
-	ctx, metadata := adapter.AppendContext(ctx)
+	ctx, metadata := adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
+	metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
 	metadata.Domain = domain
 	var (
 		transport         dns.Transport
@ -203,16 +205,13 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, strategy dns.DomainS
 	for {
 		var (
 			dnsCtx       context.Context
-			cancel       context.CancelFunc
 			addressLimit bool
 		)
-		metadata.ResetRuleCache()
-		metadata.DestinationAddresses = nil
 		dnsCtx, transport, transportStrategy, rule, ruleIndex = r.matchDNS(ctx, false, ruleIndex, true)
+		dnsCtx = adapter.OverrideContext(dnsCtx)
 		if strategy == dns.DomainStrategyAsIS {
 			strategy = transportStrategy
 		}
-		dnsCtx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(dnsCtx, C.DNSTimeout)
 		if rule != nil && rule.WithAddressLimit() {
 			addressLimit = true
 			responseAddrs, err = r.dnsClient.LookupWithResponseCheck(dnsCtx, transport, domain, strategy, func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
@ -223,7 +222,6 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, strategy dns.DomainS
 			addressLimit = false
 			responseAddrs, err = r.dnsClient.Lookup(dnsCtx, transport, domain, strategy)
 		}
-		cancel()
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, dns.ErrResponseRejectedCached) {
 				r.dnsLogger.DebugContext(ctx, "response rejected for ", domain, " (cached)")
--- a/route/router_geo_resources.go
+++ b/route/router_geo_resources.go
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func (r *Router) prepareGeoIPDatabase() error {
 			geoPath = foundPath
 		}
 	}
-	if !rw.FileExists(geoPath) {
+	if !rw.IsFile(geoPath) {
 		geoPath = filemanager.BasePath(r.ctx, geoPath)
 	}
 	if stat, err := os.Stat(geoPath); err == nil {
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func (r *Router) prepareGeoIPDatabase() error {
 			os.Remove(geoPath)
 		}
 	}
-	if !rw.FileExists(geoPath) {
+	if !rw.IsFile(geoPath) {
 		r.logger.Warn("geoip database not exists: ", geoPath)
 		var err error
 		for attempts := 0; attempts < 3; attempts++ {
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (r *Router) prepareGeositeDatabase() error {
 			geoPath = foundPath
 		}
 	}
-	if !rw.FileExists(geoPath) {
+	if !rw.IsFile(geoPath) {
 		geoPath = filemanager.BasePath(r.ctx, geoPath)
 	}
 	if stat, err := os.Stat(geoPath); err == nil {
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func (r *Router) prepareGeositeDatabase() error {
 			os.Remove(geoPath)
 		}
 	}
-	if !rw.FileExists(geoPath) {
+	if !rw.IsFile(geoPath) {
 		r.logger.Warn("geosite database not exists: ", geoPath)
 		var err error
 		for attempts := 0; attempts < 3; attempts++ {
--- a/route/rule_abstract.go
+++ b/route/rule_abstract.go
@ -29,11 +29,15 @@ func (r *abstractDefaultRule) Type() string {

 func (r *abstractDefaultRule) Start() error {
 	for _, item := range r.allItems {
-		err := common.Start(item)
+		if starter, isStarter := item.(interface {
+			Start() error
+		}); isStarter {
+			err := starter.Start()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@ -183,8 +187,13 @@ func (r *abstractLogicalRule) UpdateGeosite() error {
 }

 func (r *abstractLogicalRule) Start() error {
-	for _, rule := range common.FilterIsInstance(r.rules, func(it adapter.HeadlessRule) (common.Starter, bool) {
-		rule, loaded := it.(common.Starter)
+	for _, rule := range common.FilterIsInstance(r.rules, func(it adapter.HeadlessRule) (interface {
+		Start() error
+	}, bool,
+	) {
+		rule, loaded := it.(interface {
+			Start() error
+		})
 		return rule, loaded
 	}) {
 		err := rule.Start()
--- a/route/rule_default.go
+++ b/route/rule_default.go
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func NewDefaultRule(router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, options opt
 		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
 	}
 	if len(options.RuleSet) > 0 {
-		item := NewRuleSetItem(router, options.RuleSet, options.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource)
+		item := NewRuleSetItem(router, options.RuleSet, options.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource, false)
 		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
 		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
 	}
--- a/route/rule_dns.go
+++ b/route/rule_dns.go
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func NewDefaultDNSRule(router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, options
 		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
 	}
 	if len(options.RuleSet) > 0 {
-		item := NewRuleSetItem(router, options.RuleSet, options.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource)
+		item := NewRuleSetItem(router, options.RuleSet, options.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource, options.RuleSetIPCIDRAcceptEmpty)
 		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
 		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
 	}
--- a/route/rule_item_cidr.go
+++ b/route/rule_item_cidr.go
@ -75,19 +75,20 @@ func NewRawIPCIDRItem(isSource bool, ipSet *netipx.IPSet) *IPCIDRItem {
 func (r *IPCIDRItem) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
 	if r.isSource || metadata.IPCIDRMatchSource {
 		return r.ipSet.Contains(metadata.Source.Addr)
-	} else {
+	}
 	if metadata.Destination.IsIP() {
 		return r.ipSet.Contains(metadata.Destination.Addr)
-		} else {
+	}
+	if len(metadata.DestinationAddresses) > 0 {
 		for _, address := range metadata.DestinationAddresses {
 			if r.ipSet.Contains(address) {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
-		}
-	}
 		return false
 	}
+	return metadata.IPCIDRAcceptEmpty
+}

 func (r *IPCIDRItem) String() string {
 	return r.description
--- a/route/rule_item_rule_set.go
+++ b/route/rule_item_rule_set.go
@ -15,14 +15,16 @@ type RuleSetItem struct {
 	router            adapter.Router
 	tagList           []string
 	setList           []adapter.RuleSet
-	ipcidrMatchSource bool
+	ipCidrMatchSource bool
+	ipCidrAcceptEmpty bool
 }

-func NewRuleSetItem(router adapter.Router, tagList []string, ipCIDRMatchSource bool) *RuleSetItem {
+func NewRuleSetItem(router adapter.Router, tagList []string, ipCIDRMatchSource bool, ipCidrAcceptEmpty bool) *RuleSetItem {
 	return &RuleSetItem{
 		router:            router,
 		tagList:           tagList,
-		ipcidrMatchSource: ipCIDRMatchSource,
+		ipCidrMatchSource: ipCIDRMatchSource,
+		ipCidrAcceptEmpty: ipCidrAcceptEmpty,
 	}
 }

@ -32,13 +34,15 @@ func (r *RuleSetItem) Start() error {
 		if !loaded {
 			return E.New("rule-set not found: ", tag)
 		}
+		ruleSet.IncRef()
 		r.setList = append(r.setList, ruleSet)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

 func (r *RuleSetItem) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
-	metadata.IPCIDRMatchSource = r.ipcidrMatchSource
+	metadata.IPCIDRMatchSource = r.ipCidrMatchSource
+	metadata.IPCIDRAcceptEmpty = r.ipCidrAcceptEmpty
 	for _, ruleSet := range r.setList {
 		if ruleSet.Match(metadata) {
 			return true
@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ func (r *RuleSetItem) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
 }

 func (r *RuleSetItem) ContainsDestinationIPCIDRRule() bool {
-	if r.ipcidrMatchSource {
+	if r.ipCidrMatchSource {
 		return false
 	}
 	return common.Any(r.setList, func(ruleSet adapter.RuleSet) bool {
--- a/route/rule_set.go
+++ b/route/rule_set.go
@ -9,20 +9,41 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"go4.org/netipx"
 )

 func NewRuleSet(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.RuleSet) (adapter.RuleSet, error) {
 	switch options.Type {
-	case C.RuleSetTypeLocal:
-		return NewLocalRuleSet(router, options)
+	case C.RuleSetTypeInline, C.RuleSetTypeLocal, "":
+		return NewLocalRuleSet(router, logger, options)
 	case C.RuleSetTypeRemote:
 		return NewRemoteRuleSet(ctx, router, logger, options), nil
 	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown rule set type: ", options.Type)
+		return nil, E.New("unknown rule-set type: ", options.Type)
+	}
+}
+
+func extractIPSetFromRule(rawRule adapter.HeadlessRule) []*netipx.IPSet {
+	switch rule := rawRule.(type) {
+	case *DefaultHeadlessRule:
+		return common.FlatMap(rule.destinationIPCIDRItems, func(rawItem RuleItem) []*netipx.IPSet {
+			switch item := rawItem.(type) {
+			case *IPCIDRItem:
+				return []*netipx.IPSet{item.ipSet}
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		})
+	case *LogicalHeadlessRule:
+		return common.FlatMap(rule.rules, extractIPSetFromRule)
+	default:
+		panic("unexpected rule type")
 	}
 }

--- a/route/rule_set_local.go
+++ b/route/rule_set_local.go
@ -3,62 +3,184 @@ package route
 import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"

+	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+
+	"go4.org/netipx"
 )

 var _ adapter.RuleSet = (*LocalRuleSet)(nil)

 type LocalRuleSet struct {
+	router     adapter.Router
+	logger     logger.Logger
+	tag        string
 	rules      []adapter.HeadlessRule
 	metadata   adapter.RuleSetMetadata
+	fileFormat string
+	watcher    *fswatch.Watcher
+	refs       atomic.Int32
 }

-func NewLocalRuleSet(router adapter.Router, options option.RuleSet) (*LocalRuleSet, error) {
-	var plainRuleSet option.PlainRuleSet
-	switch options.Format {
-	case C.RuleSetFormatSource, "":
-		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.LocalOptions.Path)
+func NewLocalRuleSet(router adapter.Router, logger logger.Logger, options option.RuleSet) (*LocalRuleSet, error) {
+	ruleSet := &LocalRuleSet{
+		router:     router,
+		logger:     logger,
+		tag:        options.Tag,
+		fileFormat: options.Format,
+	}
+	if options.Type == C.RuleSetTypeInline {
+		if len(options.InlineOptions.Rules) == 0 {
+			return nil, E.New("empty inline rule-set")
+		}
+		err := ruleSet.reloadRules(options.InlineOptions.Rules)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+	} else {
+		err := ruleSet.reloadFile(options.LocalOptions.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if options.Type == C.RuleSetTypeLocal {
+		var watcher *fswatch.Watcher
+		filePath, _ := filepath.Abs(options.LocalOptions.Path)
+		watcher, err := fswatch.NewWatcher(fswatch.Options{
+			Path: []string{filePath},
+			Callback: func(path string) {
+				uErr := ruleSet.reloadFile(path)
+				if uErr != nil {
+					logger.Error(E.Cause(uErr, "reload rule-set ", options.Tag))
+				}
+			},
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ruleSet.watcher = watcher
+	}
+	return ruleSet, nil
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) Name() string {
+	return s.tag
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(F.MapToString(s.rules), " ")
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext adapter.RuleSetStartContext) error {
+	if s.watcher != nil {
+		err := s.watcher.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			s.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "watch rule-set file"))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) reloadFile(path string) error {
+	var plainRuleSet option.PlainRuleSet
+	switch s.fileFormat {
+	case C.RuleSetFormatSource, "":
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		compat, err := json.UnmarshalExtended[option.PlainRuleSetCompat](content)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return err
 		}
-		plainRuleSet = compat.Upgrade()
-	case C.RuleSetFormatBinary:
-		setFile, err := os.Open(options.LocalOptions.Path)
+		plainRuleSet, err = compat.Upgrade()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return err
+		}
+	case C.RuleSetFormatBinary:
+		setFile, err := os.Open(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 		plainRuleSet, err = srs.Read(setFile, false)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return err
 		}
 	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown rule set format: ", options.Format)
+		return E.New("unknown rule-set format: ", s.fileFormat)
 	}
-	rules := make([]adapter.HeadlessRule, len(plainRuleSet.Rules))
+	return s.reloadRules(plainRuleSet.Rules)
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) reloadRules(headlessRules []option.HeadlessRule) error {
+	rules := make([]adapter.HeadlessRule, len(headlessRules))
 	var err error
-	for i, ruleOptions := range plainRuleSet.Rules {
-		rules[i], err = NewHeadlessRule(router, ruleOptions)
+	for i, ruleOptions := range headlessRules {
+		rules[i], err = NewHeadlessRule(s.router, ruleOptions)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse rule_set.rules.[", i, "]")
+			return E.Cause(err, "parse rule_set.rules.[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
 	var metadata adapter.RuleSetMetadata
-	metadata.ContainsProcessRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
-	metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
-	metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
-	return &LocalRuleSet{rules, metadata}, nil
+	metadata.ContainsProcessRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
+	metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
+	metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
+	s.rules = rules
+	s.metadata = metadata
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) PostStart() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) Metadata() adapter.RuleSetMetadata {
+	return s.metadata
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet {
+	return common.FlatMap(s.rules, extractIPSetFromRule)
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) IncRef() {
+	s.refs.Add(1)
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) DecRef() {
+	if s.refs.Add(-1) < 0 {
+		panic("rule-set: negative refs")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) Cleanup() {
+	if s.refs.Load() == 0 {
+		s.rules = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) RegisterCallback(callback adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback) *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback] {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]) {
+}
+
+func (s *LocalRuleSet) Close() error {
+	s.rules = nil
+	return common.Close(common.PtrOrNil(s.watcher))
 }

 func (s *LocalRuleSet) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
@ -69,19 +191,3 @@ func (s *LocalRuleSet) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
-
-func (s *LocalRuleSet) String() string {
-	return strings.Join(F.MapToString(s.rules), " ")
-}
-
-func (s *LocalRuleSet) StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext adapter.RuleSetStartContext) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *LocalRuleSet) Metadata() adapter.RuleSetMetadata {
-	return s.metadata
-}
-
-func (s *LocalRuleSet) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
--- a/route/rule_set_remote.go
+++ b/route/rule_set_remote.go
@ -8,20 +8,26 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/pause"
+
+	"go4.org/netipx"
 )

 var _ adapter.RuleSet = (*RemoteRuleSet)(nil)
@ -40,6 +46,9 @@ type RemoteRuleSet struct {
 	lastEtag       string
 	updateTicker   *time.Ticker
 	pauseManager   pause.Manager
+	callbackAccess sync.Mutex
+	callbacks      list.List[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]
+	refs           atomic.Int32
 }

 func NewRemoteRuleSet(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.RuleSet) *RemoteRuleSet {
@ -61,13 +70,8 @@ func NewRemoteRuleSet(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger logger.
 	}
 }

-func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
-	for _, rule := range s.rules {
-		if rule.Match(metadata) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Name() string {
+	return s.options.Tag
 }

 func (s *RemoteRuleSet) String() string {
@ -108,6 +112,10 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext adapter.R
 		}
 	}
 	s.updateTicker = time.NewTicker(s.updateInterval)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) PostStart() error {
 	go s.loopUpdate()
 	return nil
 }
@ -116,6 +124,38 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Metadata() adapter.RuleSetMetadata {
 	return s.metadata
 }

+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet {
+	return common.FlatMap(s.rules, extractIPSetFromRule)
+}
+
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) IncRef() {
+	s.refs.Add(1)
+}
+
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) DecRef() {
+	if s.refs.Add(-1) < 0 {
+		panic("rule-set: negative refs")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Cleanup() {
+	if s.refs.Load() == 0 {
+		s.rules = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) RegisterCallback(callback adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback) *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback] {
+	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
+	defer s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	return s.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
+}
+
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]) {
+	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
+	defer s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	s.callbacks.Remove(element)
+}
+
 func (s *RemoteRuleSet) loadBytes(content []byte) error {
 	var (
 		plainRuleSet option.PlainRuleSet
@ -128,14 +168,17 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) loadBytes(content []byte) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		plainRuleSet = compat.Upgrade()
+		plainRuleSet, err = compat.Upgrade()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	case C.RuleSetFormatBinary:
 		plainRuleSet, err = srs.Read(bytes.NewReader(content), false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	default:
-		return E.New("unknown rule set format: ", s.options.Format)
+		return E.New("unknown rule-set format: ", s.options.Format)
 	}
 	rules := make([]adapter.HeadlessRule, len(plainRuleSet.Rules))
 	for i, ruleOptions := range plainRuleSet.Rules {
@ -148,6 +191,12 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) loadBytes(content []byte) error {
 	s.metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
 	s.metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
 	s.rules = rules
+	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
+	callbacks := s.callbacks.Array()
+	s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	for _, callback := range callbacks {
+		callback(s)
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@ -156,6 +205,8 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) loopUpdate() {
 		err := s.fetchOnce(s.ctx, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			s.logger.Error("fetch rule-set ", s.options.Tag, ": ", err)
+		} else if s.refs.Load() == 0 {
+			s.rules = nil
 		}
 	}
 	for {
@ -168,6 +219,8 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) loopUpdate() {
 			err := s.fetchOnce(s.ctx, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				s.logger.Error("fetch rule-set ", s.options.Tag, ": ", err)
+			} else if s.refs.Load() == 0 {
+				s.rules = nil
 			}
 		}
 	}
@ -253,7 +306,17 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) fetchOnce(ctx context.Context, startContext adapter.Rule
 }

 func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Close() error {
+	s.rules = nil
 	s.updateTicker.Stop()
 	s.cancel()
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+	for _, rule := range s.rules {
+		if rule.Match(metadata) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
--- a/transport/trojan/mux.go
+++ b/transport/trojan/mux.go
@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package trojan

 import (
+	std_bufio "bufio"
 	"context"
 	"net"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/task"
 	"github.com/sagernet/smux"
 )
@ -33,27 +35,36 @@ func HandleMuxConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata
 	return group.Run(ctx)
 }

-func newMuxConnection(ctx context.Context, stream net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata, handler Handler) {
-	err := newMuxConnection0(ctx, stream, metadata, handler)
+func newMuxConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata, handler Handler) {
+	err := newMuxConnection0(ctx, conn, metadata, handler)
 	if err != nil {
 		handler.NewError(ctx, E.Cause(err, "process trojan-go multiplex connection"))
 	}
 }

-func newMuxConnection0(ctx context.Context, stream net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata, handler Handler) error {
-	command, err := rw.ReadByte(stream)
+func newMuxConnection0(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata, handler Handler) error {
+	reader := std_bufio.NewReader(conn)
+	command, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return E.Cause(err, "read command")
 	}
-	metadata.Destination, err = M.SocksaddrSerializer.ReadAddrPort(stream)
+	metadata.Destination, err = M.SocksaddrSerializer.ReadAddrPort(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return E.Cause(err, "read destination")
 	}
+	if reader.Buffered() > 0 {
+		buffer := buf.NewSize(reader.Buffered())
+		_, err = buffer.ReadFullFrom(reader, buffer.Len())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		conn = bufio.NewCachedConn(conn, buffer)
+	}
 	switch command {
 	case CommandTCP:
-		return handler.NewConnection(ctx, stream, metadata)
+		return handler.NewConnection(ctx, conn, metadata)
 	case CommandUDP:
-		return handler.NewPacketConnection(ctx, &PacketConn{Conn: stream}, metadata)
+		return handler.NewPacketConnection(ctx, &PacketConn{Conn: conn}, metadata)
 	default:
 		return E.New("unknown command ", command)
 	}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
世界	06ee404918	documentation: Bump version	2024-07-07 16:10:24 +08:00
世界	687e631f3d	Add inline rule-set & Add reload for local rule-set	2024-07-07 16:10:24 +08:00
世界	a276121013	Unique rule-set names	2024-07-07 16:10:24 +08:00
世界	285336261b	Add accept empty DNS rule option	2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
世界	8a11417dd5	Add custom options for TUN `auto-route` and `auto-redirect`	2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
世界	53e5aa64b4	Improve base DNS transports	2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
世界	97ef3ca0f3	Add auto-redirect & Improve auto-route	2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
世界	ba2eb6e49f	Add `rule-set decompile` command	2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
世界	df331ba0c3	Add IP address support for `rule-set match` match	2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
世界	3f67845d4f	WTF is this	2024-07-07 16:10:23 +08:00
世界	dedeba0e6d	platform: Fix clash server reload on android	2024-07-07 16:10:22 +08:00
世界	4f870150fc	platform: Add log update interval	2024-07-07 16:10:22 +08:00
世界	85aaa112c4	platform: Prepare connections list	2024-07-07 16:10:22 +08:00
世界	19f6c6abfd	Drop support for go1.18 and go1.19	2024-07-07 16:10:22 +08:00
世界	3677e7ab9e	Introduce DTLS sniffer	2024-07-07 16:10:22 +08:00
iosmanthus	2d2e174a6e	Introduce bittorrent related protocol sniffers * Introduce bittorrent related protocol sniffers including, sniffers of 1. BitTorrent Protocol (TCP) 2. uTorrent Transport Protocol (UDP) Signed-off-by: iosmanthus <myosmanthustree@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: 世界 <i@sekai.icu>	2024-07-07 16:10:22 +08:00