documentation: Bump version

We do not have the `com.apple.developer.networking.multicast` entitlement and are unable to obtain it for non-technical reasons.

Makefile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ GOHOSTOS = $(shell go env GOHOSTOS)
 GOHOSTARCH = $(shell go env GOHOSTARCH)
 VERSION=$(shell CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=$(GOHOSTOS) GOARCH=$(GOHOSTARCH) go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest)
 
-PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -s -w -buildid="
+PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0"
 MAIN_PARAMS = $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS)"
 MAIN = ./cmd/sing-box
 PREFIX ?= $(shell go env GOPATH)

adapter/outbound.go

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ package adapter
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )
 
@@ -18,6 +21,17 @@ type Outbound interface {
 	N.Dialer
 }
 
+type OutboundWithPreferredRoutes interface {
+	Outbound
+	PreferredDomain(domain string) bool
+	PreferredAddress(address netip.Addr) bool
+}
+
+type DirectRouteOutbound interface {
+	Outbound
+	NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
+}
+
 type OutboundRegistry interface {
 	option.OutboundOptionsRegistry
 	CreateOutbound(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) (Outbound, error)

adapter/router.go

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 type Router interface {
 	Lifecycle
 	ConnectionRouter
-	PreMatch(metadata InboundContext) error
+	PreMatch(metadata InboundContext, context tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
 	ConnectionRouterEx
 	RuleSet(tag string) (RuleSet, bool)
 	NeedWIFIState() bool

box.go

@@ -323,13 +323,14 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			option.DirectOutboundOptions{},
 		)
 	})
-	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(common.Must1(
-		local.NewTransport(
+	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
+		return local.NewTransport(
 			ctx,
 			logFactory.NewLogger("dns/local"),
 			"local",
 			option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
-		)))
+		)
+	})
 	if platformInterface != nil {
 		err = platformInterface.Initialize(networkManager)
 		if err != nil {

clients/android

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 24b26130071bd96c660deeecc4931a3e31339681
+Subproject commit 9d71ede01a1a51bb459847bb5d4444b2846c77de

cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ var (
 	sharedFlags []string
 	debugFlags  []string
 	sharedTags  []string
-	darwinTags  []string
+	macOSTags   []string
 	memcTags    []string
 	notMemcTags []string
 	debugTags   []string
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func init() {
 	debugFlags = append(debugFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag)
 
 	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_gvisor", "with_quic", "with_wireguard", "with_utls", "with_clash_api", "with_conntrack")
-	darwinTags = append(darwinTags, "with_dhcp")
+	macOSTags = append(macOSTags, "with_dhcp")
 	memcTags = append(memcTags, "with_tailscale")
 	notMemcTags = append(notMemcTags, "with_low_memory")
 	debugTags = append(debugTags, "debug")
@@ -160,7 +160,9 @@ func buildApple() {
 		"-tags-not-macos=with_low_memory",
 	}
 	if !withTailscale {
-		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
+		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(append(macOSTags, memcTags...), ","))
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(macOSTags, ","))
 	}
 
 	if !debugEnabled {
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ func buildApple() {
 		args = append(args, debugFlags...)
 	}
 
-	tags := append(sharedTags, darwinTags...)
+	tags := sharedTags
 	if withTailscale {
 		tags = append(tags, memcTags...)
 	}

cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = srs.Write(outputFile, plainRuleSet.Options, plainRuleSet.Version)
+	err = srs.Write(outputFile, plainRuleSet.Options, downgradeRuleSetVersion(plainRuleSet.Version, plainRuleSet.Options))
 	if err != nil {
 		outputFile.Close()
 		os.Remove(outputPath)
@@ -78,3 +80,18 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	outputFile.Close()
 	return nil
 }
+
+func downgradeRuleSetVersion(version uint8, options option.PlainRuleSet) uint8 {
+	if version == C.RuleSetVersion4 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
+		return rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 ||
+			len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0
+	}) {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion3
+	}
+	if version == C.RuleSetVersion3 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
+		return len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 || rule.NetworkIsExpensive || rule.NetworkIsConstrained
+	}) {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion2
+	}
+	return version
+}

common/dialer/default.go

@@ -317,6 +317,14 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 	}
 }
 
+func (d *DefaultDialer) DialerForICMPDestination(destination netip.Addr) net.Dialer {
+	if !destination.Is6() {
+		return dialerFromTCPDialer(d.dialer6)
+	} else {
+		return dialerFromTCPDialer(d.dialer4)
+	}
+}
+
 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if strategy == nil {
 		strategy = d.networkStrategy

common/srs/binary.go

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/domain"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 
 	"go4.org/netipx"
@@ -41,6 +43,8 @@ const (
 	ruleItemNetworkType
 	ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive
 	ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained
+	ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress
+	ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )
 
@@ -230,6 +234,51 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 			rule.NetworkIsExpensive = true
 		case ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained:
 			rule.NetworkIsConstrained = true
+		case ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress:
+			rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress = new(badjson.TypedMap[option.InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]])
+			var size uint64
+			size, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for i := uint64(0); i < size; i++ {
+				var key uint8
+				err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &key)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+				var prefixCount uint64
+				prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+					var prefix netip.Prefix
+					prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+					if err != nil {
+						return
+					}
+					value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+				}
+				rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Put(option.InterfaceType(key), value)
+			}
+		case ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress:
+			var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+			var prefixCount uint64
+			prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+				var prefix netip.Prefix
+				prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+			}
+			rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress = value
 		case ruleItemFinal:
 			err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &rule.Invert)
 			return
@@ -346,7 +395,7 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 	}
 	if len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 {
 		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
-			return E.New("network_type rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+			return E.New("`network_type` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
 		}
 		err = writeRuleItemUint8(writer, ruleItemNetworkType, rule.NetworkType)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -354,17 +403,71 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsExpensive {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_expensive` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsConstrained {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_constrained` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	if rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`network_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size()))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, entry := range rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Entries() {
+			err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(entry.Key.Build()))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(entry.Value)))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			for _, rawPrefix := range entry.Value {
+				err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`default_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, rawPrefix := range rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress {
+			err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if len(rule.WIFISSID) > 0 {
 		err = writeRuleItemString(writer, ruleItemWIFISSID, rule.WIFISSID)
 		if err != nil {

common/srs/ip_cidr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package srs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+)
+
+func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	addrSlice, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]byte](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	prefixBits, err := varbin.ReadValue[uint8](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(M.AddrFromIP(addrSlice), int(prefixBits)), nil
+}
+
+func writePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

common/tls/client.go

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ package tls
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )
 
-func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
+func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return dialer, nil
 	}
@@ -53,26 +54,57 @@ func ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config Config) (Conn, e
 	return tlsConn, nil
 }
 
-type Dialer struct {
+type Dialer interface {
+	N.Dialer
+	DialTLSContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error)
+}
+
+type defaultDialer struct {
 	dialer N.Dialer
 	config Config
 }
 
-func NewDialer(dialer N.Dialer, config Config) N.Dialer {
-	return &Dialer{dialer, config}
+func NewDialer(dialer N.Dialer, config Config) Dialer {
+	return &defaultDialer{dialer, config}
 }
 
-func (d *Dialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if network != N.NetworkTCP {
+func (d *defaultDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if N.NetworkName(network) != N.NetworkTCP {
 		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-	conn, err := d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
+	return d.DialTLSContext(ctx, destination)
+}
+
+func (d *defaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+}
+
+func (d *defaultDialer) DialTLSContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
+	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, true)
+}
+
+func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, echRetry bool) (Conn, error) {
+	conn, err := d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
+	tlsConn, err := ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
+	if err == nil {
+		return tlsConn, nil
+	}
+	conn.Close()
+	if echRetry {
+		var echErr *tls.ECHRejectionError
+		if errors.As(err, &echErr) && len(echErr.RetryConfigList) > 0 {
+			if echConfig, isECH := d.config.(ECHCapableConfig); isECH {
+				echConfig.SetECHConfigList(echErr.RetryConfigList)
+			}
+		}
+		return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, false)
+	}
+	return nil, err
 }
 
-func (d *Dialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+func (d *defaultDialer) Upstream() any {
+	return d.dialer
 }

constant/rule.go

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ const (
 	RuleSetVersion1 = 1 + iota
 	RuleSetVersion2
 	RuleSetVersion3
-	RuleSetVersionCurrent = RuleSetVersion3
+	RuleSetVersion4
+	RuleSetVersionCurrent = RuleSetVersion4
 )
 
 const (
@@ -39,4 +40,5 @@ const (
 const (
 	RuleActionRejectMethodDefault = "default"
 	RuleActionRejectMethodDrop    = "drop"
+	RuleActionRejectMethodReply   = "reply"
 )

dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp.go

@@ -9,10 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
@@ -29,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4"
 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )
 
 func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
@@ -45,9 +44,12 @@ type Transport struct {
 	networkManager    adapter.NetworkManager
 	interfaceName     string
 	interfaceCallback *list.Element[tun.DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]
-	transports        []adapter.DNSTransport
-	updateAccess      sync.Mutex
+	transportLock     sync.RWMutex
 	updatedAt         time.Time
+	servers           []M.Socksaddr
+	search            []string
+	ndots             int
+	attempts          int
 }
 
 func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.DHCPDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
@@ -62,27 +64,40 @@ func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, opt
 		logger:           logger,
 		networkManager:   service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx),
 		interfaceName:    options.Interface,
+		ndots:            1,
+		attempts:         2,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func NewRawTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) *Transport {
+	return &Transport{
+		TransportAdapter: transportAdapter,
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		dialer:           dialer,
+		logger:           logger,
+		networkManager:   service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx),
+		ndots:            1,
+		attempts:         2,
+	}
+}
+
 func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
 		return nil
 	}
-	err := t.fetchServers()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	if t.interfaceName == "" {
 		t.interfaceCallback = t.networkManager.InterfaceMonitor().RegisterCallback(t.interfaceUpdated)
 	}
+	go func() {
+		_, err := t.Fetch()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "fetch DNS servers"))
+		}
+	}()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Close() error {
-	for _, transport := range t.transports {
-		transport.Close()
-	}
 	if t.interfaceCallback != nil {
 		t.networkManager.InterfaceMonitor().UnregisterCallback(t.interfaceCallback)
 	}
@@ -90,23 +105,44 @@ func (t *Transport) Close() error {
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	err := t.fetchServers()
+	servers, err := t.Fetch()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	if len(t.transports) == 0 {
+	if len(servers) == 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("dhcp: empty DNS servers from response")
 	}
+	return t.Exchange0(ctx, message, servers)
+}
 
-	var response *mDNS.Msg
-	for _, transport := range t.transports {
-		response, err = transport.Exchange(ctx, message)
-		if err == nil {
-			return response, nil
-		}
+func (t *Transport) Exchange0(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, servers []M.Socksaddr) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
+	if len(servers) == 1 || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
+		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, servers, message, domain)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, servers, message, domain)
 	}
-	return nil, err
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Fetch() ([]M.Socksaddr, error) {
+	t.transportLock.RLock()
+	updatedAt := t.updatedAt
+	servers := t.servers
+	t.transportLock.RUnlock()
+	if time.Since(updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
+		return servers, nil
+	}
+	t.transportLock.Lock()
+	defer t.transportLock.Unlock()
+	if time.Since(t.updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
+		return t.servers, nil
+	}
+	err := t.updateServers()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return t.servers, nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) fetchInterface() (*control.Interface, error) {
@@ -124,18 +160,6 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchInterface() (*control.Interface, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *Transport) fetchServers() error {
-	if time.Since(t.updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
-		return nil
-	}
-	t.updateAccess.Lock()
-	defer t.updateAccess.Unlock()
-	if time.Since(t.updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return t.updateServers()
-}
-
 func (t *Transport) updateServers() error {
 	iface, err := t.fetchInterface()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -148,7 +172,7 @@ func (t *Transport) updateServers() error {
 	cancel()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else if len(t.transports) == 0 {
+	} else if len(t.servers) == 0 {
 		return E.New("dhcp: empty DNS servers response")
 	} else {
 		t.updatedAt = time.Now()
@@ -177,7 +201,11 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchServers0(ctx context.Context, iface *control.Interface)
 	}
 	defer packetConn.Close()
 
-	discovery, err := dhcpv4.NewDiscovery(iface.HardwareAddr, dhcpv4.WithBroadcast(true), dhcpv4.WithRequestedOptions(dhcpv4.OptionDomainNameServer))
+	discovery, err := dhcpv4.NewDiscovery(iface.HardwareAddr, dhcpv4.WithBroadcast(true), dhcpv4.WithRequestedOptions(
+		dhcpv4.OptionDomainName,
+		dhcpv4.OptionDomainNameServer,
+		dhcpv4.OptionDNSDomainSearchList,
+	))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -223,31 +251,23 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchServersResponse(iface *control.Interface, packetConn ne
 			continue
 		}
 
-		dns := dhcpPacket.DNS()
-		if len(dns) == 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return t.recreateServers(iface, common.Map(dns, func(it net.IP) M.Socksaddr {
-			return M.SocksaddrFrom(M.AddrFromIP(it), 53)
-		}))
+		return t.recreateServers(iface, dhcpPacket)
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *Transport) recreateServers(iface *control.Interface, serverAddrs []M.Socksaddr) error {
-	if len(serverAddrs) > 0 {
-		t.logger.Info("dhcp: updated DNS servers from ", iface.Name, ": [", strings.Join(common.Map(serverAddrs, M.Socksaddr.String), ","), "]")
+func (t *Transport) recreateServers(iface *control.Interface, dhcpPacket *dhcpv4.DHCPv4) error {
+	searchList := dhcpPacket.DomainSearch()
+	if searchList != nil && len(searchList.Labels) > 0 {
+		t.search = searchList.Labels
+	} else if dhcpPacket.DomainName() != "" {
+		t.search = []string{dhcpPacket.DomainName()}
 	}
-	serverDialer := common.Must1(dialer.NewDefault(t.ctx, option.DialerOptions{
-		BindInterface:      iface.Name,
-		UDPFragmentDefault: true,
-	}))
-	var transports []adapter.DNSTransport
-	for _, serverAddr := range serverAddrs {
-		transports = append(transports, transport.NewUDPRaw(t.logger, t.TransportAdapter, serverDialer, serverAddr))
+	serverAddrs := common.Map(dhcpPacket.DNS(), func(it net.IP) M.Socksaddr {
+		return M.SocksaddrFrom(M.AddrFromIP(it), 53)
+	})
+	if len(serverAddrs) > 0 && !slices.Equal(t.servers, serverAddrs) {
+		t.logger.Info("dhcp: updated DNS servers from ", iface.Name, ": [", strings.Join(common.Map(serverAddrs, M.Socksaddr.String), ","), "], search: [", strings.Join(t.search, ","), "]")
 	}
-	for _, transport := range t.transports {
-		transport.Close()
-	}
-	t.transports = transports
+	t.servers = serverAddrs
 	return nil
 }

dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp_shared.go

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package dhcp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math/rand"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+const (
+	// net.maxDNSPacketSize
+	maxDNSPacketSize = 1232
+)
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, servers []M.Socksaddr, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, fqdn := range t.nameList(domain) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, servers, fqdn, message)
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, servers []M.Socksaddr, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	returned := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(returned)
+	type queryResult struct {
+		response *mDNS.Msg
+		err      error
+	}
+	results := make(chan queryResult)
+	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, servers, fqdn, message)
+		if err == nil {
+			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
+				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
+			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
+				err = E.New(fqdn, ": empty result")
+			}
+		}
+		select {
+		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
+		case <-returned:
+		}
+	}
+	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer queryCancel()
+	var nameCount int
+	for _, fqdn := range t.nameList(domain) {
+		nameCount++
+		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
+	}
+	var errors []error
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case result := <-results:
+			if result.err == nil {
+				return result.response, nil
+			}
+			errors = append(errors, result.err)
+			if len(errors) == nameCount {
+				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, servers []M.Socksaddr, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	sLen := len(servers)
+	var lastErr error
+	for i := 0; i < t.attempts; i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < sLen; j++ {
+			server := servers[j]
+			question := message.Question[0]
+			question.Name = fqdn
+			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, server, question, C.DNSTimeout, false, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				lastErr = err
+				continue
+			}
+			return response, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question, timeout time.Duration, useTCP, ad bool) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if server.Port == 0 {
+		server.Port = 53
+	}
+	var networks []string
+	if useTCP {
+		networks = []string{N.NetworkTCP}
+	} else {
+		networks = []string{N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkTCP}
+	}
+	request := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
+			RecursionDesired:  true,
+			AuthenticatedData: ad,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+		Compress: true,
+	}
+	request.SetEdns0(maxDNSPacketSize, false)
+	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
+	defer buf.Put(buffer)
+	for _, network := range networks {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(timeout))
+		defer cancel()
+		conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, server)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+		if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+			conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+		}
+		rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
+		}
+		_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
+		}
+		n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
+		}
+		var response mDNS.Msg
+		err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
+		}
+		if response.Truncated && network == N.NetworkUDP {
+			continue
+		}
+		return &response, nil
+	}
+	panic("unexpected")
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) nameList(name string) []string {
+	l := len(name)
+	rooted := l > 0 && name[l-1] == '.'
+	if l > 254 || l == 254 && !rooted {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if rooted {
+		if avoidDNS(name) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return []string{name}
+	}
+
+	hasNdots := strings.Count(name, ".") >= t.ndots
+	name += "."
+	// l++
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, 1+len(t.search))
+	if hasNdots && !avoidDNS(name) {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	for _, suffix := range t.search {
+		fqdn := name + suffix
+		if !avoidDNS(fqdn) && len(fqdn) <= 254 {
+			names = append(names, fqdn)
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasNdots && !avoidDNS(name) {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func avoidDNS(name string) bool {
+	if name == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if name[len(name)-1] == '.' {
+		name = name[:len(name)-1]
+	}
+	return strings.HasSuffix(name, ".onion")
+}

dns/transport/local/local.go

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !darwin
+
 package local
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"math/rand"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
@@ -11,21 +11,27 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/hosts"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 
 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
 )
 
+func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
+	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewTransport)
+}
+
 var _ adapter.DNSTransport = (*Transport)(nil)
 
 type Transport struct {
 	dns.TransportAdapter
-	ctx    context.Context
-	hosts  *hosts.File
-	dialer N.Dialer
+	ctx      context.Context
+	logger   logger.ContextLogger
+	hosts    *hosts.File
+	dialer   N.Dialer
+	preferGo bool
+	resolved ResolvedResolver
 }
 
 func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
@@ -36,20 +42,45 @@ func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, opt
 	return &Transport{
 		TransportAdapter: dns.NewTransportAdapterWithLocalOptions(C.DNSTypeLocal, tag, options),
 		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
 		hosts:            hosts.NewFile(hosts.DefaultPath),
 		dialer:           transportDialer,
+		preferGo:         options.PreferGo,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	switch stage {
+	case adapter.StartStateInitialize:
+		if !t.preferGo {
+			resolvedResolver, err := NewResolvedResolver(t.ctx, t.logger)
+			if err == nil {
+				err = resolvedResolver.Start()
+				if err == nil {
+					t.resolved = resolvedResolver
+				} else {
+					t.logger.Warn(E.Cause(err, "initialize resolved resolver"))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Close() error {
+	if t.resolved != nil {
+		return t.resolved.Close()
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if t.resolved != nil {
+		resolverObject := t.resolved.Object()
+		if resolverObject != nil {
+			return t.resolved.Exchange(resolverObject, ctx, message)
+		}
+	}
 	question := message.Question[0]
 	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
 	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
@@ -58,147 +89,5 @@ func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg,
 			return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
 		}
 	}
-	systemConfig := getSystemDNSConfig(t.ctx)
-	if systemConfig.singleRequest || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
-		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
-	} else {
-		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	var lastErr error
-	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
-		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
-		if err != nil {
-			lastErr = err
-			continue
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	}
-	return nil, lastErr
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	returned := make(chan struct{})
-	defer close(returned)
-	type queryResult struct {
-		response *mDNS.Msg
-		err      error
-	}
-	results := make(chan queryResult)
-	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
-		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
-		if err == nil {
-			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
-				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
-			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
-				err = E.New(fqdn, ": empty result")
-			}
-		}
-		select {
-		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
-		case <-returned:
-		}
-	}
-	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer queryCancel()
-	var nameCount int
-	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
-		nameCount++
-		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		case result := <-results:
-			if result.err == nil {
-				return result.response, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, result.err)
-			if len(errors) == nameCount {
-				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, config *dnsConfig, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	serverOffset := config.serverOffset()
-	sLen := uint32(len(config.servers))
-	var lastErr error
-	for i := 0; i < config.attempts; i++ {
-		for j := uint32(0); j < sLen; j++ {
-			server := config.servers[(serverOffset+j)%sLen]
-			question := message.Question[0]
-			question.Name = fqdn
-			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(server), question, config.timeout, config.useTCP, config.trustAD)
-			if err != nil {
-				lastErr = err
-				continue
-			}
-			return response, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question, timeout time.Duration, useTCP, ad bool) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	if server.Port == 0 {
-		server.Port = 53
-	}
-	var networks []string
-	if useTCP {
-		networks = []string{N.NetworkTCP}
-	} else {
-		networks = []string{N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkTCP}
-	}
-	request := &mDNS.Msg{
-		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
-			RecursionDesired:  true,
-			AuthenticatedData: ad,
-		},
-		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		Compress: true,
-	}
-	request.SetEdns0(maxDNSPacketSize, false)
-	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
-	defer buf.Put(buffer)
-	for _, network := range networks {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(timeout))
-		defer cancel()
-		conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, server)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		defer conn.Close()
-		if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
-			conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
-		}
-		rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
-		}
-		_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
-		}
-		n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
-		}
-		var response mDNS.Msg
-		err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
-		}
-		if response.Truncated && network == N.NetworkUDP {
-			continue
-		}
-		return &response, nil
-	}
-	panic("unexpected")
+	return t.exchange(ctx, message, domain)
 }

dns/transport/local/local_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/hosts"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
+	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewTransport)
+}
+
+var _ adapter.DNSTransport = (*Transport)(nil)
+
+type Transport struct {
+	dns.TransportAdapter
+	ctx           context.Context
+	logger        logger.ContextLogger
+	hosts         *hosts.File
+	dialer        N.Dialer
+	preferGo      bool
+	fallback      bool
+	dhcpTransport dhcpTransport
+	resolver      net.Resolver
+}
+
+type dhcpTransport interface {
+	adapter.DNSTransport
+	Fetch() ([]M.Socksaddr, error)
+	Exchange0(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, servers []M.Socksaddr) (*mDNS.Msg, error)
+}
+
+func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
+	transportDialer, err := dns.NewLocalDialer(ctx, options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	transportAdapter := dns.NewTransportAdapterWithLocalOptions(C.DNSTypeLocal, tag, options)
+	return &Transport{
+		TransportAdapter: transportAdapter,
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
+		hosts:            hosts.NewFile(hosts.DefaultPath),
+		dialer:           transportDialer,
+		preferGo:         options.PreferGo,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
+		return nil
+	}
+	inboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](t.ctx)
+	for _, inbound := range inboundManager.Inbounds() {
+		if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
+			t.fallback = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !C.IsIos {
+		if t.fallback {
+			t.dhcpTransport = newDHCPTransport(t.TransportAdapter, log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(t.ctx, log.LevelDebug), t.dialer, t.logger)
+			if t.dhcpTransport != nil {
+				err := t.dhcpTransport.Start(stage)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Close() error {
+	return common.Close(
+		t.dhcpTransport,
+	)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
+	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
+		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(domain)
+		if len(addresses) > 0 {
+			return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
+		}
+	}
+	if !t.fallback {
+		return t.exchange(ctx, message, domain)
+	}
+	if !C.IsIos {
+		if t.dhcpTransport != nil {
+			dhcpTransports, _ := t.dhcpTransport.Fetch()
+			if len(dhcpTransports) > 0 {
+				return t.dhcpTransport.Exchange0(ctx, message, dhcpTransports)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if t.preferGo {
+		// Assuming the user knows what they are doing, we still execute the query which will fail.
+		return t.exchange(ctx, message, domain)
+	}
+	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
+		var network string
+		if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA {
+			network = "ip4"
+		} else {
+			network = "ip6"
+		}
+		addresses, err := t.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, domain)
+		if err != nil {
+			var dnsError *net.DNSError
+			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
+				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
+	}
+	if C.IsIos {
+		return nil, E.New("only A and AAAA queries are supported on iOS and tvOS when using NetworkExtension.")
+	} else {
+		return nil, E.New("only A and AAAA queries are supported on macOS when using NetworkExtension and DHCP unavailable.")
+	}
+}

dns/transport/local/local_darwin_dhcp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build darwin && with_dhcp
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/dhcp"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func newDHCPTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) dhcpTransport {
+	return dhcp.NewRawTransport(transportAdapter, ctx, dialer, logger)
+}

dns/transport/local/local_darwin_nodhcp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build darwin && !with_dhcp
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func newDHCPTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) dhcpTransport {
+	return nil
+}

dns/transport/local/local_fallback.go

@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-package local
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-
-	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
-	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewFallbackTransport)
-}
-
-type FallbackTransport struct {
-	adapter.DNSTransport
-	ctx      context.Context
-	fallback bool
-	resolver net.Resolver
-}
-
-func NewFallbackTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
-	transport, err := NewTransport(ctx, logger, tag, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &FallbackTransport{
-		DNSTransport: transport,
-		ctx:          ctx,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
-		return nil
-	}
-	platformInterface := service.FromContext[platform.Interface](f.ctx)
-	if platformInterface == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	inboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](f.ctx)
-	for _, inbound := range inboundManager.Inbounds() {
-		if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
-			// platform tun hijacks DNS, so we can only use cgo resolver here
-			f.fallback = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	if !f.fallback {
-		return f.DNSTransport.Exchange(ctx, message)
-	}
-	question := message.Question[0]
-	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
-	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
-		var network string
-		if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA {
-			network = "ip4"
-		} else {
-			network = "ip6"
-		}
-		addresses, err := f.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeNS {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupNS(ctx, domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		response := &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		}
-		for _, record := range records {
-			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, &mDNS.NS{
-				Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-					Name:   question.Name,
-					Rrtype: mDNS.TypeNS,
-					Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-					Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-				},
-				Ns: record.Host,
-			})
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeCNAME {
-		cname, err := f.resolver.LookupCNAME(ctx, domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-			Answer: []mDNS.RR{
-				&mDNS.CNAME{
-					Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-						Name:   question.Name,
-						Rrtype: mDNS.TypeCNAME,
-						Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-						Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-					},
-					Target: cname,
-				},
-			},
-		}, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeTXT {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupTXT(ctx, domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-			Answer: []mDNS.RR{
-				&mDNS.TXT{
-					Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-						Name:   question.Name,
-						Rrtype: mDNS.TypeCNAME,
-						Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-						Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-					},
-					Txt: records,
-				},
-			},
-		}, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeMX {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupMX(ctx, domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		response := &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		}
-		for _, record := range records {
-			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, &mDNS.MX{
-				Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-					Name:   question.Name,
-					Rrtype: mDNS.TypeA,
-					Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-					Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-				},
-				Preference: record.Pref,
-				Mx:         record.Host,
-			})
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	} else {
-		return nil, E.New("only A, AAAA, NS, CNAME, TXT, MX queries are supported on current platform when using TUN, please switch to a fixed DNS server.")
-	}
-}

dns/transport/local/local_resolved.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+type ResolvedResolver interface {
+	Start() error
+	Close() error
+	Object() any
+	Exchange(object any, ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error)
+}

dns/transport/local/local_resolved_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/service/resolved"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+type DBusResolvedResolver struct {
+	ctx               context.Context
+	logger            logger.ContextLogger
+	interfaceMonitor  tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
+	interfaceCallback *list.Element[tun.DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]
+	systemBus         *dbus.Conn
+	resoledObject     atomic.Pointer[ResolvedObject]
+	closeOnce         sync.Once
+}
+
+type ResolvedObject struct {
+	dbus.BusObject
+	InterfaceIndex int32
+}
+
+func NewResolvedResolver(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger) (ResolvedResolver, error) {
+	interfaceMonitor := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx).InterfaceMonitor()
+	if interfaceMonitor == nil {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	systemBus, err := dbus.SystemBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &DBusResolvedResolver{
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
+		interfaceMonitor: interfaceMonitor,
+		systemBus:        systemBus,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Start() error {
+	t.updateStatus()
+	t.interfaceCallback = t.interfaceMonitor.RegisterCallback(t.updateDefaultInterface)
+	err := t.systemBus.BusObject().AddMatchSignal(
+		"org.freedesktop.DBus",
+		"NameOwnerChanged",
+		dbus.WithMatchSender("org.freedesktop.DBus"),
+		dbus.WithMatchArg(0, "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager"),
+	).Err
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "configure resolved restart listener")
+	}
+	go t.loopUpdateStatus()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Close() error {
+	t.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		if t.interfaceCallback != nil {
+			t.interfaceMonitor.UnregisterCallback(t.interfaceCallback)
+		}
+		if t.systemBus != nil {
+			_ = t.systemBus.Close()
+		}
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Object() any {
+	return common.PtrOrNil(t.resoledObject.Load())
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Exchange(object any, ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	resolvedObject := object.(*ResolvedObject)
+	call := resolvedObject.CallWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		"org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager.ResolveRecord",
+		0,
+		resolvedObject.InterfaceIndex,
+		question.Name,
+		question.Qclass,
+		question.Qtype,
+		uint64(0),
+	)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		var dbusError dbus.Error
+		if errors.As(call.Err, &dbusError) && dbusError.Name == "org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoNameServers" {
+			t.updateStatus()
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(call.Err, " resolve record via resolved")
+	}
+	var (
+		records  []resolved.ResourceRecord
+		outflags uint64
+	)
+	err := call.Store(&records, &outflags)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	response := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                 message.Id,
+			Response:           true,
+			Authoritative:      true,
+			RecursionDesired:   true,
+			RecursionAvailable: true,
+			Rcode:              mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+	}
+	for _, record := range records {
+		var rr mDNS.RR
+		rr, _, err = mDNS.UnpackRR(record.Data, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack resource record")
+		}
+		response.Answer = append(response.Answer, rr)
+	}
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) loopUpdateStatus() {
+	signalChan := make(chan *dbus.Signal, 1)
+	t.systemBus.Signal(signalChan)
+	for signal := range signalChan {
+		var restarted bool
+		if signal.Name == "org.freedesktop.DBus.NameOwnerChanged" {
+			if len(signal.Body) != 3 || signal.Body[2].(string) == "" {
+				continue
+			} else {
+				restarted = true
+			}
+		}
+		if restarted {
+			t.updateStatus()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) updateStatus() {
+	dbusObject, err := t.checkResolved(context.Background())
+	oldValue := t.resoledObject.Swap(dbusObject)
+	if err != nil {
+		var dbusErr dbus.Error
+		if !errors.As(err, &dbusErr) || dbusErr.Name != "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwnerCould" {
+			t.logger.Debug(E.Cause(err, "systemd-resolved service unavailable"))
+		}
+		if oldValue != nil {
+			t.logger.Debug("systemd-resolved service is gone")
+		}
+		return
+	} else if oldValue == nil {
+		t.logger.Debug("using systemd-resolved service as resolver")
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) checkResolved(ctx context.Context) (*ResolvedObject, error) {
+	dbusObject := t.systemBus.Object("org.freedesktop.resolve1", "/org/freedesktop/resolve1")
+	err := dbusObject.Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer.Ping", 0).Err
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defaultInterface := t.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterface()
+	if defaultInterface == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing default interface")
+	}
+	call := dbusObject.(*dbus.Object).CallWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		"org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager.GetLink",
+		0,
+		int32(defaultInterface.Index),
+	)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var linkPath dbus.ObjectPath
+	err = call.Store(&linkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	linkObject := t.systemBus.Object("org.freedesktop.resolve1", linkPath)
+	if linkObject == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing link object for default interface")
+	}
+	dnsProp, err := linkObject.GetProperty("org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link.DNS")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var linkDNS []resolved.LinkDNS
+	err = dnsProp.Store(&linkDNS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(linkDNS) == 0 {
+		for _, inbound := range service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](t.ctx).Inbounds() {
+			if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
+				return nil, E.New("No appropriate name servers or networks for name found")
+			}
+		}
+		return &ResolvedObject{
+			BusObject: dbusObject,
+		}, nil
+	} else {
+		return &ResolvedObject{
+			BusObject:      dbusObject,
+			InterfaceIndex: int32(defaultInterface.Index),
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) updateDefaultInterface(defaultInterface *control.Interface, flags int) {
+	t.updateStatus()
+}

dns/transport/local/local_resolved_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+)
+
+func NewResolvedResolver(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger) (ResolvedResolver, error) {
+	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+}

dns/transport/local/local_shared.go

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math/rand"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func (t *Transport) exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	systemConfig := getSystemDNSConfig(t.ctx)
+	if systemConfig.singleRequest || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
+		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	returned := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(returned)
+	type queryResult struct {
+		response *mDNS.Msg
+		err      error
+	}
+	results := make(chan queryResult)
+	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
+		if err == nil {
+			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
+				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
+			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
+				err = E.New(fqdn, ": empty result")
+			}
+		}
+		select {
+		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
+		case <-returned:
+		}
+	}
+	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer queryCancel()
+	var nameCount int
+	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
+		nameCount++
+		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
+	}
+	var errors []error
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case result := <-results:
+			if result.err == nil {
+				return result.response, nil
+			}
+			errors = append(errors, result.err)
+			if len(errors) == nameCount {
+				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, config *dnsConfig, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	serverOffset := config.serverOffset()
+	sLen := uint32(len(config.servers))
+	var lastErr error
+	for i := 0; i < config.attempts; i++ {
+		for j := uint32(0); j < sLen; j++ {
+			server := config.servers[(serverOffset+j)%sLen]
+			question := message.Question[0]
+			question.Name = fqdn
+			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(server), question, config.timeout, config.useTCP, config.trustAD)
+			if err != nil {
+				lastErr = err
+				continue
+			}
+			return response, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question, timeout time.Duration, useTCP, ad bool) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if server.Port == 0 {
+		server.Port = 53
+	}
+	var networks []string
+	if useTCP {
+		networks = []string{N.NetworkTCP}
+	} else {
+		networks = []string{N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkTCP}
+	}
+	request := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
+			RecursionDesired:  true,
+			AuthenticatedData: ad,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+		Compress: true,
+	}
+	request.SetEdns0(maxDNSPacketSize, false)
+	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
+	defer buf.Put(buffer)
+	for _, network := range networks {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(timeout))
+		defer cancel()
+		conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, server)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+		if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+			conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+		}
+		rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
+		}
+		_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
+		}
+		n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
+		}
+		var response mDNS.Msg
+		err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
+		}
+		if response.Truncated && network == N.NetworkUDP {
+			continue
+		}
+		return &response, nil
+	}
+	panic("unexpected")
+}

dns/transport/local/resolv_darwin_cgo.go

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package local
-
-/*
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <resolv.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-*/
-import "C"
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"time"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-func dnsReadConfig(_ context.Context, _ string) *dnsConfig {
-	var state C.struct___res_state
-	if C.res_ninit(&state) != 0 {
-		return &dnsConfig{
-			servers:  defaultNS,
-			search:   dnsDefaultSearch(),
-			ndots:    1,
-			timeout:  5 * time.Second,
-			attempts: 2,
-			err:      E.New("libresolv initialization failed"),
-		}
-	}
-	conf := &dnsConfig{
-		ndots:    1,
-		timeout:  5 * time.Second,
-		attempts: int(state.retry),
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < int(state.nscount); i++ {
-		ns := state.nsaddr_list[i]
-		addr := C.inet_ntoa(ns.sin_addr)
-		if addr == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		conf.servers = append(conf.servers, C.GoString(addr))
-	}
-	for i := 0; ; i++ {
-		search := state.dnsrch[i]
-		if search == nil {
-			break
-		}
-		conf.search = append(conf.search, dns.Fqdn(C.GoString(search)))
-	}
-	return conf
-}

dns/transport/local/resolv_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !windows && !(darwin && cgo)
+//go:build !windows
 
 package local
 

dns/transport/tls.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func RegisterTLS(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
 type TLSTransport struct {
 	dns.TransportAdapter
 	logger      logger.ContextLogger
-	dialer      N.Dialer
+	dialer      tls.Dialer
 	serverAddr  M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConfig   tls.Config
 	access      sync.Mutex
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func NewTLSRaw(logger logger.ContextLogger, adapter dns.TransportAdapter, dialer
 	return &TLSTransport{
 		TransportAdapter: adapter,
 		logger:           logger,
-		dialer:           dialer,
+		dialer:           tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig),
 		serverAddr:       serverAddr,
 		tlsConfig:        tlsConfig,
 	}
@@ -100,15 +100,10 @@ func (t *TLSTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.M
 			return response, nil
 		}
 	}
-	tcpConn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, t.serverAddr)
+	tlsConn, err := t.dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, t.serverAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	tlsConn, err := tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, tcpConn, t.tlsConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		tcpConn.Close()
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	return t.exchange(message, &tlsDNSConn{Conn: tlsConn})
 }
 

dns/transport_manager.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type TransportManager struct {
 	transportByTag           map[string]adapter.DNSTransport
 	dependByTag              map[string][]string
 	defaultTransport         adapter.DNSTransport
-	defaultTransportFallback adapter.DNSTransport
+	defaultTransportFallback func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error)
 	fakeIPTransport          adapter.FakeIPTransport
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func NewTransportManager(logger logger.ContextLogger, registry adapter.DNSTransp
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *TransportManager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback adapter.DNSTransport) {
+func (m *TransportManager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error)) {
 	m.defaultTransportFallback = defaultTransportFallback
 }
 
@@ -56,14 +56,27 @@ func (m *TransportManager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	}
 	m.started = true
 	m.stage = stage
-	transports := m.transports
-	m.access.Unlock()
 	if stage == adapter.StartStateStart {
 		if m.defaultTag != "" && m.defaultTransport == nil {
+			m.access.Unlock()
 			return E.New("default DNS server not found: ", m.defaultTag)
 		}
-		return m.startTransports(m.transports)
+		if m.defaultTransport == nil {
+			defaultTransport, err := m.defaultTransportFallback()
+			if err != nil {
+				m.access.Unlock()
+				return E.Cause(err, "default DNS server fallback")
+			}
+			m.transports = append(m.transports, defaultTransport)
+			m.transportByTag[defaultTransport.Tag()] = defaultTransport
+			m.defaultTransport = defaultTransport
+		}
+		transports := m.transports
+		m.access.Unlock()
+		return m.startTransports(transports)
 	} else {
+		transports := m.transports
+		m.access.Unlock()
 		for _, outbound := range transports {
 			err := adapter.LegacyStart(outbound, stage)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -172,11 +185,7 @@ func (m *TransportManager) Transport(tag string) (adapter.DNSTransport, bool) {
 func (m *TransportManager) Default() adapter.DNSTransport {
 	m.access.RLock()
 	defer m.access.RUnlock()
-	if m.defaultTransport != nil {
-		return m.defaultTransport
-	} else {
-		return m.defaultTransportFallback
-	}
+	return m.defaultTransport
 }
 
 func (m *TransportManager) FakeIP() adapter.FakeIPTransport {

docs/changelog.md

@@ -2,19 +2,91 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---
 
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.8
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.4
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.7
+
+* Add reject support for ICMP echo supports **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+You can now reject, drop, or directly reply to ICMP echo (ping) requests using `reject` Route Action.
+
+See [Route Action](/configuration/route/rule_action/#reject).
+
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.6
+
+* Add proxy support for ICMP echo requests **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+You can now match ICMP echo (ping) requests using the new `icmp` network in routing rules.
+
+Such traffic originates from `TUN`, `WireGuard`, and `Tailscale` inbounds and can be routed to `Direct`, `WireGuard`, and `Tailscale` outbounds.
+
+See [Route Rule](/configuration/route/rule/#network).
+
 #### 1.12.3
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.4
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
 #### 1.12.2
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.3
+
+* Improve `local` DNS server **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+On Apple platforms, Windows, and Linux (when using systemd-resolved), 
+`local` DNS server now works with Tun inbound which overrides system DNS servers.
+
+See [Local DNS Server](/configuration/dns/server/local/).
+
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.2
+
+* Add `preferred_by` rule item **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+The new `preferred_by` routing rule item allows you to
+match preferred domains and addresses for specific outbounds.
+
+See [Route Rule](/configuration/route/rule/#preferred_by).
+
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.1
+
+* Add interface address rule items **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+New interface address rules allow you to dynamically adjust rules based on your network environment.
+
+See [Route Rule](/configuration/route/rule/), [DNS Route Rule](/configuration/dns/rule/)
+and [Headless Rule](/configuration/rule-set/headless-rule/).
+
 #### 1.12.1
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
-#### 1.12.0
+### 1.12.0
 
 * Refactor DNS servers **1**
 * Add domain resolver options**2**
@@ -165,7 +237,7 @@ We continue to experience issues updating our sing-box apps on the App Store and
 Until we rewrite and resubmit the apps, they are considered irrecoverable. 
 Therefore, after this release, we will not be repeating this notice unless there is new information.
 
-### 1.11.15
+#### 1.11.15
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -181,7 +253,7 @@ violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected)._
 
 We have significantly improved the performance of tun inbound on Apple platforms, especially in the gVisor stack.
 
-### 1.11.14
+#### 1.11.14
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -231,7 +303,7 @@ You can now choose what the DERP home page shows, just like with derper's `-home
 
 See [DERP](/configuration/service/derp/#home).
 
-### 1.11.13
+#### 1.11.13
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -269,7 +341,7 @@ SSM API service is a RESTful API server for managing Shadowsocks servers.
 
 See [SSM API Service](/configuration/service/ssm-api/).
 
-### 1.11.11
+#### 1.11.11
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -301,7 +373,7 @@ You can now set `bind_interface`, `routing_mark` and `reuse_addr` in Listen Fiel
 
 See [Listen Fields](/configuration/shared/listen/).
 
-### 1.11.10
+#### 1.11.10
 
 * Undeprecate the `block` outbound **1**
 * Fixes and improvements
@@ -319,7 +391,7 @@ violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected)._
 * Update quic-go to v0.51.0
 * Fixes and improvements
 
-### 1.11.9
+#### 1.11.9
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -330,7 +402,7 @@ violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected)._
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
-### 1.11.8
+#### 1.11.8
 
 * Improve `auto_redirect` **1**
 * Fixes and improvements
@@ -347,7 +419,7 @@ violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected)._
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
-### 1.11.7
+#### 1.11.7
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -363,7 +435,7 @@ violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected)._
 Now `auto_redirect` fixes compatibility issues between tun and Docker bridge networks,
 see [Tun](/configuration/inbound/tun/#auto_redirect).
 
-### 1.11.6
+#### 1.11.6
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -404,7 +476,7 @@ See [Protocol Sniff](/configuration/route/sniff/).
 
 See [Dial Fields](/configuration/shared/dial/#domain_resolver).
 
-### 1.11.5
+#### 1.11.5
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -420,7 +492,7 @@ violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected)._
 
 See [DNS Rule Action](/configuration/dns/rule_action/#predefined).
 
-### 1.11.4
+#### 1.11.4
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -476,7 +548,7 @@ Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.12.0 requires at least Go 1.23 to co
 
 For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).
 
-### 1.11.3
+#### 1.11.3
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -487,7 +559,7 @@ process._
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
-### 1.11.1
+#### 1.11.1
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -666,7 +738,7 @@ See [Hysteria2](/configuration/outbound/hysteria2/).
 
 When `up_mbps` and `down_mbps` are set, `ignore_client_bandwidth` instead denies clients from using BBR CC.
 
-### 1.10.7
+#### 1.10.7
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
@@ -761,7 +833,7 @@ and the old outbound will be removed in sing-box 1.13.0.
 See [Endpoint](/configuration/endpoint/), [WireGuard Endpoint](/configuration/endpoint/wireguard/)
 and [Migrate WireGuard outbound fields to route options](/migration/#migrate-wireguard-outbound-to-endpoint).
 
-### 1.10.2
+#### 1.10.2
 
 * Add deprecated warnings
 * Fix proxying websocket connections in HTTP/mixed inbounds
@@ -898,7 +970,7 @@ See [Rule Action](/configuration/route/rule_action/).
 * Update quic-go to v0.48.0
 * Fixes and improvements
 
-### 1.10.1
+#### 1.10.1
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 

docs/configuration/dns/rule.md

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.12.0"
 
     :material-plus: [ip_accept_any](#ip_accept_any)  
@@ -130,6 +136,19 @@ icon: material/alert-decagram
         ],
         "network_is_expensive": false,
         "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
         "wifi_ssid": [
           "My WIFI"
         ],
@@ -359,6 +378,36 @@ such as Cellular or a Personal Hotspot (on Apple platforms).
 
 Match if network is in Low Data Mode.
 
+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match interface address.
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported in graphical clients on Android and Apple platforms.
+
+Matches network interface (same values as `network_type`) address.
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match default interface address.
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""

docs/configuration/dns/rule.zh.md

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---
 
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.12.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: [ip_accept_any](#ip_accept_any)  
@@ -130,6 +136,19 @@ icon: material/alert-decagram
         ],
         "network_is_expensive": false,
         "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
         "wifi_ssid": [
           "My WIFI"
         ],
@@ -358,6 +377,36 @@ Available values: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.
 
 匹配如果网络在低数据模式下。
 
+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配接口地址。
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅在 Android 与 Apple 平台图形客户端中支持。
+
+匹配网络接口（可用值同 `network_type`）地址。
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配默认接口地址。
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""

docs/configuration/dns/server/local.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [prefer_go](#prefer_go)  
+
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.12.0"
 
 # Local
@@ -15,6 +19,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
       {
         "type": "local",
         "tag": "",
+        "prefer_go": false
 
         // Dial Fields
       }
@@ -24,10 +29,33 @@ icon: material/new-box
 ```
 
 !!! info "Difference from legacy local server"
-    
+
     * The old legacy local server only handles IP requests; the new one handles all types of requests and supports concurrent for IP requests.
     * The old local server uses default outbound by default unless detour is specified; the new one uses dialer just like outbound, which is equivalent to using an empty direct outbound by default.
 
+### Fields
+
+#### prefer_go
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+When enabled, `local` DNS server will resolve DNS by dialing itself whenever possible.
+
+Specifically, it disables following behaviors which was added as features in sing-box 1.13.0:
+
+1. On Apple platforms: Attempt to resolve A/AAAA requests using `getaddrinfo` in NetworkExtension.
+2. On Linux: Resolve through `systemd-resolvd`'s DBus interface when available.
+
+As a sole exception, it cannot disable the following behavior:
+
+1. In the Android graphical client,
+`local` will always resolve DNS through the platform interface,
+as there is no other way to obtain upstream DNS servers;
+On devices running Android versions lower than 10, this interface can only resolve A/AAAA requests.
+
+2. On macOS, `local` will try DHCP first in Network Extension, since DHCP respects DIal Fields,
+it will not be disabled by `prefer_go`.
+
 ### Dial Fields
 
 See [Dial Fields](/configuration/shared/dial/) for details.

docs/configuration/endpoint/index.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.11.0"
 
 # Endpoint

docs/configuration/endpoint/index.zh.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.11.0 起"
 
 # 端点

docs/configuration/endpoint/wireguard.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.11.0"
 
 ### Structure

docs/configuration/endpoint/wireguard.zh.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.11.0 起"
 
 ### 结构

docs/configuration/outbound/hysteria2.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.11.0"
 
     :material-plus: [server_ports](#server_ports)  

docs/configuration/outbound/hysteria2.zh.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.11.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: [server_ports](#server_ports)  

docs/configuration/route/rule.md

@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [preferred_by](#preferred_by)  
+    :material-alert: [network](#network)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.11.0"
 
     :material-plus: [action](#action)  
@@ -128,12 +136,29 @@ icon: material/new-box
         ],
         "network_is_expensive": false,
         "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
         "wifi_ssid": [
           "My WIFI"
         ],
         "wifi_bssid": [
           "00:00:00:00:00:00"
         ],
+        "preferred_by": [
+          "tailscale",
+          "wireguard"
+        ],
         "rule_set": [
           "geoip-cn",
           "geosite-cn"
@@ -202,7 +227,15 @@ Sniffed client type, see [Protocol Sniff](/configuration/route/sniff/) for detai
 
 #### network
 
-`tcp` or `udp`.
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    Since sing-box 1.13.0, you can match ICMP echo (ping) requests via the new `icmp` network.
+    
+    Such traffic originates from `TUN`, `WireGuard`, and `Tailscale` inbounds and can be routed to `Direct`, `WireGuard`, and `Tailscale` outbounds.
+
+Match network type.
+
+`tcp`, `udp` or `icmp`.
 
 #### domain
 
@@ -363,6 +396,36 @@ such as Cellular or a Personal Hotspot (on Apple platforms).
 
 Match if network is in Low Data Mode.
 
+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match interface address.
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported in graphical clients on Android and Apple platforms.
+
+Matches network interface (same values as `network_type`) address.
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match default interface address.
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""
@@ -379,6 +442,17 @@ Match WiFi SSID.
 
 Match WiFi BSSID.
 
+#### preferred_by
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+Match specified outbounds' preferred routes.
+
+| Type        | Match                                         |
+|-------------|-----------------------------------------------|
+| `tailscale` | Match MagicDNS domains and peers' allowed IPs |
+| `wireguard` | Match peers's allowed IPs                     |
+
 #### rule_set
 
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.8.0"

docs/configuration/route/rule.zh.md

@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [preferred_by](#preferred_by)  
+    :material-alert: [network](#network)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.11.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: [action](#action)  
@@ -125,12 +133,29 @@ icon: material/new-box
         ],
         "network_is_expensive": false,
         "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
         "wifi_ssid": [
           "My WIFI"
         ],
         "wifi_bssid": [
           "00:00:00:00:00:00"
         ],
+        "preferred_by": [
+          "tailscale",
+          "wireguard"
+        ],
         "rule_set": [
           "geoip-cn",
           "geosite-cn"
@@ -199,7 +224,15 @@ icon: material/new-box
 
 #### network
 
-`tcp` 或 `udp`。
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    自 sing-box 1.13.0 起，您可以通过新的 `icmp` 网络匹配 ICMP 回显（ping）请求。
+
+    此类流量源自 `TUN`、`WireGuard` 和 `Tailscale` 入站，并可路由至 `Direct`、`WireGuard` 和 `Tailscale` 出站。
+
+匹配网络类型。
+
+`tcp`、`udp` 或 `icmp`。
 
 #### domain
 
@@ -337,7 +370,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
 
 匹配网络类型。
 
-Available values: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.
+可用值: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.
 
 #### network_is_expensive
 
@@ -360,6 +393,36 @@ Available values: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.
 
 匹配如果网络在低数据模式下。
 
+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配接口地址。
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅在 Android 与 Apple 平台图形客户端中支持。
+
+匹配网络接口（可用值同 `network_type`）地址。
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配默认接口地址。
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""
@@ -376,6 +439,17 @@ Available values: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.
 
 匹配 WiFi BSSID。
 
+#### preferred_by
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+匹配制定出站的首选路由。
+
+| 类型          | 匹配                             |
+|-------------|--------------------------------|
+| `tailscale` | 匹配 MagicDNS 域名和对端的 allowed IPs |
+| `wireguard` | 匹配对端的 allowed IPs              |
+
 #### rule_set
 
 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.8.0 起"

docs/configuration/route/rule_action.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-alert: [reject](#reject)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.12.0"
 
     :material-plus: [tls_fragment](#tls_fragment)  
@@ -42,6 +46,10 @@ See `route-options` fields below.
 
 ### reject
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    Since sing-box 1.13.0, you can reject (or directly reply to) ICMP echo (ping) requests using `reject` action.
+
 ```json
 {
   "action": "reject",
@@ -58,9 +66,17 @@ For non-tun connections and already established connections, will just be closed
 
 #### method
 
+For TCP and UDP connections:
+
 - `default`: Reply with TCP RST for TCP connections, and ICMP port unreachable for UDP packets.
 - `drop`: Drop packets.
 
+For ICMP echo requests:
+
+- `default`: Reply with ICMP host unreachable.
+- `drop`: Drop packets.
+- `reply`: Reply with ICMP echo reply.
+
 #### no_drop
 
 If not enabled, `method` will be temporarily overwritten to `drop` after 50 triggers in 30s.

docs/configuration/route/rule_action.zh.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-alert: [reject](#reject)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.12.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: [tls_fragment](#tls_fragment)  
@@ -38,6 +42,10 @@ icon: material/new-box
 
 ### reject
 
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    自 sing-box 1.13.0 起，您可以通过 `reject` 动作拒绝（或直接回复）ICMP 回显（ping）请求。
+
 ```json
 {
   "action": "reject",
@@ -54,9 +62,17 @@ icon: material/new-box
 
 #### method
 
+对于 TCP 和 UDP 连接：
+
 - `default`: 对于 TCP 连接回复 RST，对于 UDP 包回复 ICMP 端口不可达。
 - `drop`: 丢弃数据包。
 
+对于 ICMP 回显请求：
+
+- `default`: 回复 ICMP 主机不可达。
+- `drop`: 丢弃数据包。
+- `reply`: 回复以 ICMP 回显应答。
+
 #### no_drop
 
 如果未启用，则 30 秒内触发 50 次后，`method` 将被暂时覆盖为 `drop`。

docs/configuration/rule-set/headless-rule.md

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.11.0"
 
     :material-plus: [network_type](#network_type)  
@@ -78,6 +83,14 @@ icon: material/new-box
       ],
       "network_is_expensive": false,
       "network_is_constrained": false,
+      "network_interface_address": {
+        "wifi": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ]
+      },
+      "default_interface_address": [
+        "2000::/3"
+      ],
       "wifi_ssid": [
         "My WIFI"
       ],
@@ -225,6 +238,26 @@ such as Cellular or a Personal Hotspot (on Apple platforms).
 
 Match if network is in Low Data Mode.
 
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported in graphical clients on Android and Apple platforms.
+
+Matches network interface (same values as `network_type`) address.
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match default interface address.
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""

docs/configuration/rule-set/headless-rule.zh.md

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.11.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: [network_type](#network_type)  
@@ -78,6 +83,14 @@ icon: material/new-box
       ],
       "network_is_expensive": false,
       "network_is_constrained": false,
+      "network_interface_address": {
+        "wifi": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ]
+      },
+      "default_interface_address": [
+        "2000::/3"
+      ],
       "wifi_ssid": [
         "My WIFI"
       ],
@@ -221,6 +234,26 @@ Available values: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.
 
 匹配如果网络在低数据模式下。
 
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅在 Android 与 Apple 平台图形客户端中支持。
+
+匹配网络接口（可用值同 `network_type`）地址。
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配默认接口地址。
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""

docs/configuration/rule-set/source-format.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: version `4`
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.11.0"
 
     :material-plus: version `3`
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ Version of rule-set.
 * 1: sing-box 1.8.0: Initial rule-set version.
 * 2: sing-box 1.10.0: Optimized memory usages of `domain_suffix` rules in binary rule-sets.
 * 3: sing-box 1.11.0: Added `network_type`, `network_is_expensive` and `network_is_constrainted` rule items.
+* 4: sing-box 1.13.0: Added `network_interface_address` and `default_interface_address` rule items.
 
 #### rules
 

docs/configuration/rule-set/source-format.zh.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: version `4`
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.11.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: version `3`
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
 * 1: sing-box 1.8.0: 初始规则集版本。
 * 2: sing-box 1.10.0: 优化了二进制规则集中 `domain_suffix` 规则的内存使用。
 * 3: sing-box 1.11.0: 添加了 `network_type`、 `network_is_expensive` 和 `network_is_constrainted` 规则项。
+* 4: sing-box 1.13.0: 添加了 `network_interface_address` 和 `default_interface_address` 规则项。
 
 #### rules
 

experimental/clashapi/cache.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 func cacheRouter(ctx context.Context) http.Handler {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/fakeip/flush", flushFakeip(ctx))
+	r.Post("/dns/flush", flushDNS(ctx))
 	return r
 }
 
@@ -31,3 +32,13 @@ func flushFakeip(ctx context.Context) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 		render.NoContent(w, r)
 	}
 }
+
+func flushDNS(ctx context.Context) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		dnsRouter := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx)
+		if dnsRouter != nil {
+			dnsRouter.ClearCache()
+		}
+		render.NoContent(w, r)
+	}
+}

go.mod

@@ -25,18 +25,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/sagernet/cors v1.2.1
 	github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1
 	github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.8
-	github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250325023245-7a9c0f5725fb
+	github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250822052253-5558536cf237
 	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-beta.1
-	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.6-0.20250825114712-2aeec120ce28
+	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.6-0.20250826155514-8bdb5fee4568
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.0
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.0-beta.1
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.0-beta.1.0.20250827122908-b76e852f59b0
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.7
 	github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2
-	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-mod.5
+	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.13-mod.1
 	github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.1-beta.7
 	github.com/sagernet/ws v0.0.0-20231204124109-acfe8907c854
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1

go.sum

@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1 h1:YqID+93B7VRfqIH3PArW/XpJv5H4OLEVWDfProGoRQ
 github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1/go.mod h1:nz85laH0mkQqJfaOrqPpkwtU1znMFNVTpT/5oRsVz/o=
 github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.8 h1:vXgoN0pjsMONAaYCTdsKBX2T1kxuS7sbT/mZ7PElGoo=
 github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.8/go.mod h1:A8l3FlHi2D/+mfcd4HHvk5DGFPW/ShFb9jHP5VmSiDY=
-github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250325023245-7a9c0f5725fb h1:pprQtDqNgqXkRsXn+0E8ikKOemzmum8bODjSfDene38=
-github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250325023245-7a9c0f5725fb/go.mod h1:QkkPEJLw59/tfxgapHta14UL5qMUah5NXhO0Kw2Kan4=
+github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250822052253-5558536cf237 h1:SUPFNB+vSP4RBPrSEgNII+HkfqC8hKMpYLodom4o4EU=
+github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250822052253-5558536cf237/go.mod h1:QkkPEJLw59/tfxgapHta14UL5qMUah5NXhO0Kw2Kan4=
 github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a h1:ObwtHN2VpqE0ZNjr6sGeT00J8uU7JF4cNUdb44/Duis=
 github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a/go.mod h1:xLnfdiJbSp8rNqYEdIW/6eDO4mVoogml14Bh2hSiFpM=
 github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4 h1:kbULlAwAC3jvdGAC1P5Fa3GSxVwQJibNenDW2zaXr8I=
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4/go.mod h1:OQXAjvjNGGFxaTgVCSTRIhYB5/l
 github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-beta.1 h1:hWkojLg64zjV+MJOvJU/kOeWndm3tiEfBLx5foisszs=
 github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-beta.1/go.mod h1:OV+V5kEBb8kJS7k29MzDu6oj9GyMc7HA07sE1tedxz4=
 github.com/sagernet/sing v0.6.9/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.6-0.20250825114712-2aeec120ce28 h1:C8Lnqd0Q+C15kwaMiDsfq5S45rhhaQMBG91TT+6oFVo=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.6-0.20250825114712-2aeec120ce28/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.6-0.20250826155514-8bdb5fee4568 h1:0bBD73wG4Rmn1ZyMYsvHwgoDz9tFnX8BzvjbAEPoavg=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.6-0.20250826155514-8bdb5fee4568/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3 h1:YFgt9plMWzH994BMZLmyKL37PdIVaIilwP0Jg+EcLfw=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3/go.mod h1:pht8iFY4c9Xltj7rhVd208npkNaeCxzyXCgulDPLUDA=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.0 h1:jNLIyVk24lFPvu8A4x+ZNEnZdI+Tg1rp7eCJ6v0Csak=
@@ -179,14 +179,14 @@ github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1 h1:dWV9OXCeFPuYGHb6IRqlSptVnSzOelnq
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1/go.mod h1:RnXS0lExcDAovvDeniJ4IKa2IuChrdipolPYWBv9hWQ=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11 h1:tK+75l64tm9WvEFrYRE1t0YxoFdWQqw/h7Uhzj0vJ+w=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11/go.mod h1:sWqKnGlMipCHaGsw1sTTlimyUpgzP4WP3pjhCsYt9oA=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.0-beta.1 h1:mBIFXYAnGO5ey/HcCYanqnBx61E7yF8zTFGRZonGYmY=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.0-beta.1/go.mod h1:AHJuRrLbNRJuivuFZ2VhXwDj4ViYp14szG5EkkKAqRQ=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.0-beta.1.0.20250827122908-b76e852f59b0 h1:Usid4HU1TKrtao2fv/wyubdOkBHpbHdwgU9KUzWXQMM=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.0-beta.1.0.20250827122908-b76e852f59b0/go.mod h1:LokZYuEV3crByjQc/XRohLgfNvybtXdx5qe/I4W6S7k=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.7 h1:2ee+9kO0xW5P4mfe6TYVWf9VtY8k1JhNysBqsiYj0sk=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.7/go.mod h1:5aYoOtYksAyS0NXDm0qKeTYW1yoE1bJVcv+XLcVoyJs=
 github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2 h1:gkmBjIjlJ2zQKpLigOkFur5kBKdV6bNRoFu2WkltRQ4=
 github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2/go.mod h1:0KW0+R+ycvA2INW4gbsd7BNyg+HEfLIAxa5N02/28Zc=
-github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-mod.5 h1:7V7z+p2C//TGtff20pPnDCt3qP6uFyY62peJoKF9z/A=
-github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-mod.5/go.mod h1:EBxXsWu4OH2ELbQLq32WoBeIubG8KgDrg4/Oaxjs6lI=
+github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.13-mod.1 h1:cWM1iPwqIE1t06ft80wpvFB4xbhOpIFI+TFnTw2gnbs=
+github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.13-mod.1/go.mod h1:EBxXsWu4OH2ELbQLq32WoBeIubG8KgDrg4/Oaxjs6lI=
 github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.1-beta.7 h1:ltgBwYHfr+9Wz1eG59NiWnHrYEkDKHG7otNZvu85DXI=
 github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.1-beta.7/go.mod h1:jGXij2Gn2wbrWuYNUmmNhf1dwcZtvyAvQoe8Xd8MbUo=
 github.com/sagernet/ws v0.0.0-20231204124109-acfe8907c854 h1:6uUiZcDRnZSAegryaUGwPC/Fj13JSHwiTftrXhMmYOc=

option/dns.go

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func (o *DNSServerOptions) Upgrade(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}
 	}
 	remoteOptions := RemoteDNSServerOptions{
-		LocalDNSServerOptions: LocalDNSServerOptions{
+		RawLocalDNSServerOptions: RawLocalDNSServerOptions{
 			DialerOptions: DialerOptions{
 				Detour: options.Detour,
 				DomainResolver: &DomainResolveOptions{
@@ -211,7 +211,9 @@ func (o *DNSServerOptions) Upgrade(ctx context.Context) error {
 	switch serverType {
 	case C.DNSTypeLocal:
 		o.Type = C.DNSTypeLocal
-		o.Options = &remoteOptions.LocalDNSServerOptions
+		o.Options = &LocalDNSServerOptions{
+			RawLocalDNSServerOptions: remoteOptions.RawLocalDNSServerOptions,
+		}
 	case C.DNSTypeUDP:
 		o.Type = C.DNSTypeUDP
 		o.Options = &remoteOptions
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ type HostsDNSServerOptions struct {
 	Predefined *badjson.TypedMap[string, badoption.Listable[netip.Addr]] `json:"predefined,omitempty"`
 }
 
-type LocalDNSServerOptions struct {
+type RawLocalDNSServerOptions struct {
 	DialerOptions
 	Legacy              bool           `json:"-"`
 	LegacyStrategy      DomainStrategy `json:"-"`
@@ -371,8 +373,13 @@ type LocalDNSServerOptions struct {
 	LegacyClientSubnet  netip.Prefix   `json:"-"`
 }
 
+type LocalDNSServerOptions struct {
+	RawLocalDNSServerOptions
+	PreferGo bool `json:"prefer_go,omitempty"`
+}
+
 type RemoteDNSServerOptions struct {
-	LocalDNSServerOptions
+	RawLocalDNSServerOptions
 	DNSServerAddressOptions
 	LegacyAddressResolver      string             `json:"-"`
 	LegacyAddressStrategy      DomainStrategy     `json:"-"`

option/rule.go

@@ -67,42 +67,46 @@ func (r Rule) IsValid() bool {
 }
 
 type RawDefaultRule struct {
-	Inbound                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"inbound,omitempty"`
-	IPVersion                int                               `json:"ip_version,omitempty"`
-	Network                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"network,omitempty"`
-	AuthUser                 badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"auth_user,omitempty"`
-	Protocol                 badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"protocol,omitempty"`
-	Client                   badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"client,omitempty"`
-	Domain                   badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain,omitempty"`
-	DomainSuffix             badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_suffix,omitempty"`
-	DomainKeyword            badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_keyword,omitempty"`
-	DomainRegex              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_regex,omitempty"`
-	Geosite                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"geosite,omitempty"`
-	SourceGeoIP              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_geoip,omitempty"`
-	GeoIP                    badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"geoip,omitempty"`
-	SourceIPCIDR             badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_ip_cidr,omitempty"`
-	SourceIPIsPrivate        bool                              `json:"source_ip_is_private,omitempty"`
-	IPCIDR                   badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"ip_cidr,omitempty"`
-	IPIsPrivate              bool                              `json:"ip_is_private,omitempty"`
-	SourcePort               badoption.Listable[uint16]        `json:"source_port,omitempty"`
-	SourcePortRange          badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_port_range,omitempty"`
-	Port                     badoption.Listable[uint16]        `json:"port,omitempty"`
-	PortRange                badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"port_range,omitempty"`
-	ProcessName              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_name,omitempty"`
-	ProcessPath              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_path,omitempty"`
-	ProcessPathRegex         badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_path_regex,omitempty"`
-	PackageName              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"package_name,omitempty"`
-	User                     badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"user,omitempty"`
-	UserID                   badoption.Listable[int32]         `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
-	ClashMode                string                            `json:"clash_mode,omitempty"`
-	NetworkType              badoption.Listable[InterfaceType] `json:"network_type,omitempty"`
-	NetworkIsExpensive       bool                              `json:"network_is_expensive,omitempty"`
-	NetworkIsConstrained     bool                              `json:"network_is_constrained,omitempty"`
-	WIFISSID                 badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
-	WIFIBSSID                badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
-	RuleSet                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"rule_set,omitempty"`
-	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool                              `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source,omitempty"`
-	Invert                   bool                              `json:"invert,omitempty"`
+	Inbound                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"inbound,omitempty"`
+	IPVersion                int                                                                         `json:"ip_version,omitempty"`
+	Network                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"network,omitempty"`
+	AuthUser                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"auth_user,omitempty"`
+	Protocol                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"protocol,omitempty"`
+	Client                   badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"client,omitempty"`
+	Domain                   badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain,omitempty"`
+	DomainSuffix             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_suffix,omitempty"`
+	DomainKeyword            badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_keyword,omitempty"`
+	DomainRegex              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_regex,omitempty"`
+	Geosite                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"geosite,omitempty"`
+	SourceGeoIP              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_geoip,omitempty"`
+	GeoIP                    badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"geoip,omitempty"`
+	SourceIPCIDR             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_ip_cidr,omitempty"`
+	SourceIPIsPrivate        bool                                                                        `json:"source_ip_is_private,omitempty"`
+	IPCIDR                   badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"ip_cidr,omitempty"`
+	IPIsPrivate              bool                                                                        `json:"ip_is_private,omitempty"`
+	SourcePort               badoption.Listable[uint16]                                                  `json:"source_port,omitempty"`
+	SourcePortRange          badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_port_range,omitempty"`
+	Port                     badoption.Listable[uint16]                                                  `json:"port,omitempty"`
+	PortRange                badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"port_range,omitempty"`
+	ProcessName              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_name,omitempty"`
+	ProcessPath              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_path,omitempty"`
+	ProcessPathRegex         badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_path_regex,omitempty"`
+	PackageName              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"package_name,omitempty"`
+	User                     badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"user,omitempty"`
+	UserID                   badoption.Listable[int32]                                                   `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	ClashMode                string                                                                      `json:"clash_mode,omitempty"`
+	NetworkType              badoption.Listable[InterfaceType]                                           `json:"network_type,omitempty"`
+	NetworkIsExpensive       bool                                                                        `json:"network_is_expensive,omitempty"`
+	NetworkIsConstrained     bool                                                                        `json:"network_is_constrained,omitempty"`
+	WIFISSID                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
+	WIFIBSSID                badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
+	InterfaceAddress         *badjson.TypedMap[string, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]]        `json:"interface_address,omitempty"`
+	NetworkInterfaceAddress  *badjson.TypedMap[InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]] `json:"network_interface_address,omitempty"`
+	DefaultInterfaceAddress  badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]                                   `json:"default_interface_address,omitempty"`
+	PreferredBy              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"preferred_by,omitempty"`
+	RuleSet                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"rule_set,omitempty"`
+	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool                                                                        `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source,omitempty"`
+	Invert                   bool                                                                        `json:"invert,omitempty"`
 
 	// Deprecated: renamed to rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
 	Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource bool `json:"rule_set_ipcidr_match_source,omitempty"`

option/rule_action.go

@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ func (r *RejectActionOptions) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
 	case "", C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
 		r.Method = C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault
 	case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
+	case C.RuleActionRejectMethodReply:
 	default:
 		return E.New("unknown reject method: " + r.Method)
 	}

option/rule_dns.go

@@ -68,45 +68,48 @@ func (r DNSRule) IsValid() bool {
 }
 
 type RawDefaultDNSRule struct {
-	Inbound                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"inbound,omitempty"`
-	IPVersion                int                               `json:"ip_version,omitempty"`
-	QueryType                badoption.Listable[DNSQueryType]  `json:"query_type,omitempty"`
-	Network                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"network,omitempty"`
-	AuthUser                 badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"auth_user,omitempty"`
-	Protocol                 badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"protocol,omitempty"`
-	Domain                   badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain,omitempty"`
-	DomainSuffix             badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_suffix,omitempty"`
-	DomainKeyword            badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_keyword,omitempty"`
-	DomainRegex              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_regex,omitempty"`
-	Geosite                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"geosite,omitempty"`
-	SourceGeoIP              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_geoip,omitempty"`
-	GeoIP                    badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"geoip,omitempty"`
-	IPCIDR                   badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"ip_cidr,omitempty"`
-	IPIsPrivate              bool                              `json:"ip_is_private,omitempty"`
-	IPAcceptAny              bool                              `json:"ip_accept_any,omitempty"`
-	SourceIPCIDR             badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_ip_cidr,omitempty"`
-	SourceIPIsPrivate        bool                              `json:"source_ip_is_private,omitempty"`
-	SourcePort               badoption.Listable[uint16]        `json:"source_port,omitempty"`
-	SourcePortRange          badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_port_range,omitempty"`
-	Port                     badoption.Listable[uint16]        `json:"port,omitempty"`
-	PortRange                badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"port_range,omitempty"`
-	ProcessName              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_name,omitempty"`
-	ProcessPath              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_path,omitempty"`
-	ProcessPathRegex         badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_path_regex,omitempty"`
-	PackageName              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"package_name,omitempty"`
-	User                     badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"user,omitempty"`
-	UserID                   badoption.Listable[int32]         `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
-	Outbound                 badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"outbound,omitempty"`
-	ClashMode                string                            `json:"clash_mode,omitempty"`
-	NetworkType              badoption.Listable[InterfaceType] `json:"network_type,omitempty"`
-	NetworkIsExpensive       bool                              `json:"network_is_expensive,omitempty"`
-	NetworkIsConstrained     bool                              `json:"network_is_constrained,omitempty"`
-	WIFISSID                 badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
-	WIFIBSSID                badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
-	RuleSet                  badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"rule_set,omitempty"`
-	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool                              `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source,omitempty"`
-	RuleSetIPCIDRAcceptEmpty bool                              `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty,omitempty"`
-	Invert                   bool                              `json:"invert,omitempty"`
+	Inbound                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"inbound,omitempty"`
+	IPVersion                int                                                                         `json:"ip_version,omitempty"`
+	QueryType                badoption.Listable[DNSQueryType]                                            `json:"query_type,omitempty"`
+	Network                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"network,omitempty"`
+	AuthUser                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"auth_user,omitempty"`
+	Protocol                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"protocol,omitempty"`
+	Domain                   badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain,omitempty"`
+	DomainSuffix             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_suffix,omitempty"`
+	DomainKeyword            badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_keyword,omitempty"`
+	DomainRegex              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_regex,omitempty"`
+	Geosite                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"geosite,omitempty"`
+	SourceGeoIP              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_geoip,omitempty"`
+	GeoIP                    badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"geoip,omitempty"`
+	IPCIDR                   badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"ip_cidr,omitempty"`
+	IPIsPrivate              bool                                                                        `json:"ip_is_private,omitempty"`
+	IPAcceptAny              bool                                                                        `json:"ip_accept_any,omitempty"`
+	SourceIPCIDR             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_ip_cidr,omitempty"`
+	SourceIPIsPrivate        bool                                                                        `json:"source_ip_is_private,omitempty"`
+	SourcePort               badoption.Listable[uint16]                                                  `json:"source_port,omitempty"`
+	SourcePortRange          badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_port_range,omitempty"`
+	Port                     badoption.Listable[uint16]                                                  `json:"port,omitempty"`
+	PortRange                badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"port_range,omitempty"`
+	ProcessName              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_name,omitempty"`
+	ProcessPath              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_path,omitempty"`
+	ProcessPathRegex         badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_path_regex,omitempty"`
+	PackageName              badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"package_name,omitempty"`
+	User                     badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"user,omitempty"`
+	UserID                   badoption.Listable[int32]                                                   `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	Outbound                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"outbound,omitempty"`
+	ClashMode                string                                                                      `json:"clash_mode,omitempty"`
+	NetworkType              badoption.Listable[InterfaceType]                                           `json:"network_type,omitempty"`
+	NetworkIsExpensive       bool                                                                        `json:"network_is_expensive,omitempty"`
+	NetworkIsConstrained     bool                                                                        `json:"network_is_constrained,omitempty"`
+	WIFISSID                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
+	WIFIBSSID                badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
+	InterfaceAddress         *badjson.TypedMap[string, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]]        `json:"interface_address,omitempty"`
+	NetworkInterfaceAddress  *badjson.TypedMap[InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]] `json:"network_interface_address,omitempty"`
+	DefaultInterfaceAddress  badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]                                   `json:"default_interface_address,omitempty"`
+	RuleSet                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"rule_set,omitempty"`
+	RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource bool                                                                        `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source,omitempty"`
+	RuleSetIPCIDRAcceptEmpty bool                                                                        `json:"rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty,omitempty"`
+	Invert                   bool                                                                        `json:"invert,omitempty"`
 
 	// Deprecated: renamed to rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source
 	Deprecated_RulesetIPCIDRMatchSource bool `json:"rule_set_ipcidr_match_source,omitempty"`

option/rule_set.go

@@ -182,28 +182,31 @@ func (r HeadlessRule) IsValid() bool {
 }
 
 type DefaultHeadlessRule struct {
-	QueryType            badoption.Listable[DNSQueryType]  `json:"query_type,omitempty"`
-	Network              badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"network,omitempty"`
-	Domain               badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain,omitempty"`
-	DomainSuffix         badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_suffix,omitempty"`
-	DomainKeyword        badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_keyword,omitempty"`
-	DomainRegex          badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"domain_regex,omitempty"`
-	SourceIPCIDR         badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_ip_cidr,omitempty"`
-	IPCIDR               badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"ip_cidr,omitempty"`
-	SourcePort           badoption.Listable[uint16]        `json:"source_port,omitempty"`
-	SourcePortRange      badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"source_port_range,omitempty"`
-	Port                 badoption.Listable[uint16]        `json:"port,omitempty"`
-	PortRange            badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"port_range,omitempty"`
-	ProcessName          badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_name,omitempty"`
-	ProcessPath          badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_path,omitempty"`
-	ProcessPathRegex     badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"process_path_regex,omitempty"`
-	PackageName          badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"package_name,omitempty"`
-	NetworkType          badoption.Listable[InterfaceType] `json:"network_type,omitempty"`
-	NetworkIsExpensive   bool                              `json:"network_is_expensive,omitempty"`
-	NetworkIsConstrained bool                              `json:"network_is_constrained,omitempty"`
-	WIFISSID             badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
-	WIFIBSSID            badoption.Listable[string]        `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
-	Invert               bool                              `json:"invert,omitempty"`
+	QueryType               badoption.Listable[DNSQueryType]                                            `json:"query_type,omitempty"`
+	Network                 badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"network,omitempty"`
+	Domain                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain,omitempty"`
+	DomainSuffix            badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_suffix,omitempty"`
+	DomainKeyword           badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_keyword,omitempty"`
+	DomainRegex             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"domain_regex,omitempty"`
+	SourceIPCIDR            badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_ip_cidr,omitempty"`
+	IPCIDR                  badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"ip_cidr,omitempty"`
+	SourcePort              badoption.Listable[uint16]                                                  `json:"source_port,omitempty"`
+	SourcePortRange         badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"source_port_range,omitempty"`
+	Port                    badoption.Listable[uint16]                                                  `json:"port,omitempty"`
+	PortRange               badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"port_range,omitempty"`
+	ProcessName             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_name,omitempty"`
+	ProcessPath             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_path,omitempty"`
+	ProcessPathRegex        badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"process_path_regex,omitempty"`
+	PackageName             badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"package_name,omitempty"`
+	NetworkType             badoption.Listable[InterfaceType]                                           `json:"network_type,omitempty"`
+	NetworkIsExpensive      bool                                                                        `json:"network_is_expensive,omitempty"`
+	NetworkIsConstrained    bool                                                                        `json:"network_is_constrained,omitempty"`
+	WIFISSID                badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"wifi_ssid,omitempty"`
+	WIFIBSSID               badoption.Listable[string]                                                  `json:"wifi_bssid,omitempty"`
+	NetworkInterfaceAddress *badjson.TypedMap[InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]] `json:"network_interface_address,omitempty"`
+	DefaultInterfaceAddress badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]                                   `json:"default_interface_address,omitempty"`
+
+	Invert bool `json:"invert,omitempty"`
 
 	DomainMatcher *domain.Matcher `json:"-"`
 	SourceIPSet   *netipx.IPSet   `json:"-"`
@@ -240,7 +243,7 @@ type PlainRuleSetCompat _PlainRuleSetCompat
 func (r PlainRuleSetCompat) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	var v any
 	switch r.Version {
-	case C.RuleSetVersion1, C.RuleSetVersion2, C.RuleSetVersion3:
+	case C.RuleSetVersion1, C.RuleSetVersion2, C.RuleSetVersion3, C.RuleSetVersion4:
 		v = r.Options
 	default:
 		return nil, E.New("unknown rule-set version: ", r.Version)
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ func (r *PlainRuleSetCompat) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
 	}
 	var v any
 	switch r.Version {
-	case C.RuleSetVersion1, C.RuleSetVersion2, C.RuleSetVersion3:
+	case C.RuleSetVersion1, C.RuleSetVersion2, C.RuleSetVersion3, C.RuleSetVersion4:
 		v = &r.Options
 	case 0:
 		return E.New("missing rule-set version")
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ func (r *PlainRuleSetCompat) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
 
 func (r PlainRuleSetCompat) Upgrade() (PlainRuleSet, error) {
 	switch r.Version {
-	case C.RuleSetVersion1, C.RuleSetVersion2, C.RuleSetVersion3:
+	case C.RuleSetVersion1, C.RuleSetVersion2, C.RuleSetVersion3, C.RuleSetVersion4:
 	default:
 		return PlainRuleSet{}, E.New("unknown rule-set version: " + F.ToString(r.Version))
 	}

protocol/anytls/outbound.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func RegisterOutbound(registry *outbound.Registry) {
 
 type Outbound struct {
 	outbound.Adapter
-	dialer    N.Dialer
+	dialer    tls.Dialer
 	server    M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConfig tls.Config
 	client    *anytls.Client
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	outbound.dialer = outboundDialer
+
+	outbound.dialer = tls.NewDialer(outboundDialer, tlsConfig)
 
 	client, err := anytls.NewClient(ctx, anytls.ClientConfig{
 		Password:                 options.Password,
@@ -91,16 +92,7 @@ func (d anytlsDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr)
 }
 
 func (h *Outbound) dialOut(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
-	conn, err := h.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, h.server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	tlsConn, err := tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, h.tlsConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		common.Close(tlsConn, conn)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return tlsConn, nil
+	return h.dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, h.server)
 }
 
 func (h *Outbound) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {

protocol/direct/outbound.go

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun/ping"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -29,10 +31,12 @@ var (
 	_ N.ParallelDialer             = (*Outbound)(nil)
 	_ dialer.ParallelNetworkDialer = (*Outbound)(nil)
 	_ dialer.DirectDialer          = (*Outbound)(nil)
+	_ adapter.DirectRouteOutbound  = (*Outbound)(nil)
 )
 
 type Outbound struct {
 	outbound.Adapter
+	ctx                 context.Context
 	logger              logger.ContextLogger
 	dialer              dialer.ParallelInterfaceDialer
 	domainStrategy      C.DomainStrategy
@@ -58,7 +62,8 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	outbound := &Outbound{
-		Adapter: outbound.NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(C.TypeDirect, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP}, options.DialerOptions),
+		Adapter: outbound.NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(C.TypeDirect, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkICMP}, options.DialerOptions),
+		ctx:     ctx,
 		logger:  logger,
 		//nolint:staticcheck
 		domainStrategy: C.DomainStrategy(options.DomainStrategy),
@@ -146,6 +151,16 @@ func (h *Outbound) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (n
 	return conn, nil
 }
 
+func (h *Outbound) NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(h.ctx)
+	destination, err := ping.ConnectDestination(ctx, h.logger, common.MustCast[*dialer.DefaultDialer](h.dialer).DialerForICMPDestination(metadata.Destination.Addr).Control, metadata.Destination.Addr, routeContext, timeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	h.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "linked ", metadata.Network, " connection from ", metadata.Source.AddrString(), " to ", metadata.Destination.AddrString())
+	return destination, nil
+}
+
 func (h *Outbound) DialParallel(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	ctx, metadata := adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
 	metadata.Outbound = h.Tag()

protocol/group/selector.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package group
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/outbound"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	tun "github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
@@ -174,6 +176,14 @@ func (s *Selector) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn,
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *Selector) NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	selected := s.selected.Load()
+	if !common.Contains(selected.Network(), metadata.Network) {
+		return nil, E.New(metadata.Network, " is not supported by outbound: ", selected.Tag())
+	}
+	return selected.(adapter.DirectRouteOutbound).NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata, routeContext, timeout)
+}
+
 func RealTag(detour adapter.Outbound) string {
 	if group, isGroup := detour.(adapter.OutboundGroup); isGroup {
 		return group.Now()

protocol/group/urltest.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	tun "github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/batch"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -170,6 +171,21 @@ func (s *URLTest) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn,
 	s.connection.NewPacketConnection(ctx, s, conn, metadata, onClose)
 }
 
+func (s *URLTest) NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	s.group.Touch()
+	selected := s.group.selectedOutboundTCP
+	if selected == nil {
+		selected, _ = s.group.Select(N.NetworkTCP)
+	}
+	if selected == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing supported outbound")
+	}
+	if !common.Contains(selected.Network(), metadata.Network) {
+		return nil, E.New(metadata.Network, " is not supported by outbound: ", selected.Tag())
+	}
+	return selected.(adapter.DirectRouteOutbound).NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata, routeContext, timeout)
+}
+
 type URLTestGroup struct {
 	ctx                          context.Context
 	router                       adapter.Router

protocol/http/outbound.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	detour, err := tls.NewDialerFromOptions(ctx, router, outboundDialer, options.Server, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS))
+	detour, err := tls.NewDialerFromOptions(ctx, outboundDialer, options.Server, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

protocol/tailscale/dns_transport.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -47,8 +46,6 @@ type DNSTransport struct {
 	acceptDefaultResolvers bool
 	dnsRouter              adapter.DNSRouter
 	endpointManager        adapter.EndpointManager
-	cfg                    *wgcfg.Config
-	dnsCfg                 *nDNS.Config
 	endpoint               *Endpoint
 	routePrefixes          []netip.Prefix
 	routes                 map[string][]adapter.DNSTransport
@@ -83,10 +80,10 @@ func (t *DNSTransport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	if !isTailscale {
 		return E.New("endpoint is not Tailscale: ", t.endpointTag)
 	}
-	if ep.onReconfig != nil {
+	if ep.onReconfigHook != nil {
 		return E.New("only one Tailscale DNS server is allowed for single endpoint")
 	}
-	ep.onReconfig = t.onReconfig
+	ep.onReconfigHook = t.onReconfig
 	t.endpoint = ep
 	return nil
 }
@@ -95,14 +92,6 @@ func (t *DNSTransport) Reset() {
 }
 
 func (t *DNSTransport) onReconfig(cfg *wgcfg.Config, routerCfg *router.Config, dnsCfg *nDNS.Config) {
-	if cfg == nil || dnsCfg == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if (t.cfg != nil && reflect.DeepEqual(t.cfg, cfg)) && (t.dnsCfg != nil && reflect.DeepEqual(t.dnsCfg, dnsCfg)) {
-		return
-	}
-	t.cfg = cfg
-	t.dnsCfg = dnsCfg
 	err := t.updateDNSServers(routerCfg, dnsCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "update DNS servers"))

protocol/tailscale/endpoint.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/adapters/gonet"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
+	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -29,7 +31,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun/ping"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
@@ -49,6 +53,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/tailscale/version"
 	"github.com/sagernet/tailscale/wgengine"
 	"github.com/sagernet/tailscale/wgengine/filter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/tailscale/wgengine/router"
+	"github.com/sagernet/tailscale/wgengine/wgcfg"
+
+	"go4.org/netipx"
+)
+
+var (
+	_ adapter.OutboundWithPreferredRoutes = (*Endpoint)(nil)
+	_ adapter.DirectRouteOutbound         = (*Endpoint)(nil)
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -69,8 +82,14 @@ type Endpoint struct {
 	platformInterface platform.Interface
 	server            *tsnet.Server
 	stack             *stack.Stack
+	icmpForwarder     *tun.ICMPForwarder
 	filter            *atomic.Pointer[filter.Filter]
-	onReconfig        wgengine.ReconfigListener
+	onReconfigHook    wgengine.ReconfigListener
+
+	cfg           *wgcfg.Config
+	dnsCfg        *tsDNS.Config
+	routeDomains  common.TypedValue[map[string]bool]
+	routePrefixes atomic.Pointer[netipx.IPSet]
 
 	acceptRoutes           bool
 	exitNode               string
@@ -163,7 +182,7 @@ func NewEndpoint(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 		},
 	}
 	return &Endpoint{
-		Adapter:                endpoint.NewAdapter(C.TypeTailscale, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP}, nil),
+		Adapter:                endpoint.NewAdapter(C.TypeTailscale, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkICMP}, nil),
 		ctx:                    ctx,
 		router:                 router,
 		logger:                 logger,
@@ -216,9 +235,7 @@ func (t *Endpoint) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if t.onReconfig != nil {
-		t.server.ExportLocalBackend().ExportEngine().(wgengine.ExportedUserspaceEngine).SetOnReconfigListener(t.onReconfig)
-	}
+	t.server.ExportLocalBackend().ExportEngine().(wgengine.ExportedUserspaceEngine).SetOnReconfigListener(t.onReconfig)
 
 	ipStack := t.server.ExportNetstack().ExportIPStack()
 	gErr := ipStack.SetSpoofing(tun.DefaultNIC, true)
@@ -230,9 +247,12 @@ func (t *Endpoint) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 		return gonet.TranslateNetstackError(gErr)
 	}
 	ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(tcp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewTCPForwarder(t.ctx, ipStack, t).HandlePacket)
-	udpForwarder := tun.NewUDPForwarder(t.ctx, ipStack, t, t.udpTimeout)
-	ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(udp.ProtocolNumber, udpForwarder.HandlePacket)
+	ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(udp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewUDPForwarder(t.ctx, ipStack, t, t.udpTimeout).HandlePacket)
+	icmpForwarder := tun.NewICMPForwarder(t.ctx, ipStack, t, t.udpTimeout)
+	ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(icmp.ProtocolNumber4, icmpForwarder.HandlePacket)
+	ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(icmp.ProtocolNumber6, icmpForwarder.HandlePacket)
 	t.stack = ipStack
+	t.icmpForwarder = icmpForwarder
 
 	localBackend := t.server.ExportLocalBackend()
 	perfs := &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
@@ -254,7 +274,6 @@ func (t *Endpoint) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 		return E.Cause(err, "update prefs")
 	}
 	t.filter = localBackend.ExportFilter()
-
 	go t.watchState()
 	return nil
 }
@@ -406,7 +425,7 @@ func (t *Endpoint) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (n
 	return udpConn, nil
 }
 
-func (t *Endpoint) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
+func (t *Endpoint) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
 	tsFilter := t.filter.Load()
 	if tsFilter != nil {
 		var ipProto ipproto.Proto
@@ -415,22 +434,41 @@ func (t *Endpoint) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destina
 			ipProto = ipproto.TCP
 		case N.NetworkUDP:
 			ipProto = ipproto.UDP
+		case N.NetworkICMP:
+			if !destination.IsIPv6() {
+				ipProto = ipproto.ICMPv4
+			} else {
+				ipProto = ipproto.ICMPv6
+			}
 		}
 		response := tsFilter.Check(source.Addr, destination.Addr, destination.Port, ipProto)
 		switch response {
 		case filter.Drop:
-			return syscall.ECONNRESET
+			return nil, syscall.ECONNREFUSED
 		case filter.DropSilently:
-			return tun.ErrDrop
+			return nil, tun.ErrDrop
 		}
 	}
-	return t.router.PreMatch(adapter.InboundContext{
+	var ipVersion uint8
+	if !destination.IsIPv6() {
+		ipVersion = 4
+	} else {
+		ipVersion = 6
+	}
+	routeDestination, err := t.router.PreMatch(adapter.InboundContext{
 		Inbound:     t.Tag(),
 		InboundType: t.Type(),
+		IPVersion:   ipVersion,
 		Network:     network,
 		Source:      source,
 		Destination: destination,
-	})
+	}, routeContext, timeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !rule.IsRejected(err) {
+			t.logger.Warn(E.Cause(err, "link ", network, " connection from ", source.AddrString(), " to ", destination.AddrString()))
+		}
+	}
+	return routeDestination, err
 }
 
 func (t *Endpoint) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
@@ -473,10 +511,88 @@ func (t *Endpoint) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn,
 	t.router.RoutePacketConnectionEx(ctx, conn, metadata, onClose)
 }
 
+func (t *Endpoint) NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	inet4Address, inet6Address := t.server.TailscaleIPs()
+	if metadata.Destination.Addr.Is4() && !inet4Address.IsValid() || metadata.Destination.Addr.Is6() && !inet6Address.IsValid() {
+		return nil, E.New("Tailscale is not ready yet")
+	}
+	ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(t.ctx)
+	destination, err := ping.ConnectGVisor(
+		ctx, t.logger,
+		metadata.Source.Addr, metadata.Destination.Addr,
+		routeContext,
+		t.stack,
+		inet4Address, inet6Address,
+		timeout,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "linked ", metadata.Network, " connection from ", metadata.Source.AddrString(), " to ", metadata.Destination.AddrString())
+	return destination, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Endpoint) PreferredDomain(domain string) bool {
+	routeDomains := t.routeDomains.Load()
+	if routeDomains == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return routeDomains[strings.ToLower(domain)]
+}
+
+func (t *Endpoint) PreferredAddress(address netip.Addr) bool {
+	routePrefixes := t.routePrefixes.Load()
+	if routePrefixes == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return routePrefixes.Contains(address)
+}
+
 func (t *Endpoint) Server() *tsnet.Server {
 	return t.server
 }
 
+func (t *Endpoint) onReconfig(cfg *wgcfg.Config, routerCfg *router.Config, dnsCfg *tsDNS.Config) {
+	if cfg == nil || dnsCfg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if (t.cfg != nil && reflect.DeepEqual(t.cfg, cfg)) && (t.dnsCfg != nil && reflect.DeepEqual(t.dnsCfg, dnsCfg)) {
+		return
+	}
+	var inet4Address, inet6Address netip.Addr
+	for _, address := range cfg.Addresses {
+		if address.Addr().Is4() {
+			inet4Address = address.Addr()
+		} else if address.Addr().Is6() {
+			inet6Address = address.Addr()
+		}
+	}
+	t.icmpForwarder.SetLocalAddresses(inet4Address, inet6Address)
+	t.cfg = cfg
+	t.dnsCfg = dnsCfg
+
+	routeDomains := make(map[string]bool)
+	for fqdn := range dnsCfg.Routes {
+		routeDomains[fqdn.WithoutTrailingDot()] = true
+	}
+	for _, fqdn := range dnsCfg.SearchDomains {
+		routeDomains[fqdn.WithoutTrailingDot()] = true
+	}
+	t.routeDomains.Store(routeDomains)
+
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	for _, peer := range cfg.Peers {
+		for _, allowedIP := range peer.AllowedIPs {
+			builder.AddPrefix(allowedIP)
+		}
+	}
+	t.routePrefixes.Store(common.Must1(builder.IPSet()))
+
+	if t.onReconfigHook != nil {
+		t.onReconfigHook(cfg, routerCfg, dnsCfg)
+	}
+}
+
 func addressFromAddr(destination netip.Addr) tcpip.Address {
 	if destination.Is6() {
 		return tcpip.AddrFrom16(destination.As16())

protocol/trojan/outbound.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ type Outbound struct {
 	key             [56]byte
 	multiplexDialer *mux.Client
 	tlsConfig       tls.Config
+	tlsDialer       tls.Dialer
 	transport       adapter.V2RayClientTransport
 }
 
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		outbound.tlsDialer = tls.NewDialer(outboundDialer, outbound.tlsConfig)
 	}
 	if options.Transport != nil {
 		outbound.transport, err = v2ray.NewClientTransport(ctx, outbound.dialer, outbound.serverAddr, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Transport), outbound.tlsConfig)
@@ -121,11 +123,10 @@ func (h *trojanDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destinat
 	var err error
 	if h.transport != nil {
 		conn, err = h.transport.DialContext(ctx)
+	} else if h.tlsDialer != nil {
+		conn, err = h.tlsDialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, h.serverAddr)
 	} else {
 		conn, err = h.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, h.serverAddr)
-		if err == nil && h.tlsConfig != nil {
-			conn, err = tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, h.tlsConfig)
-		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		common.Close(conn)

protocol/tun/inbound.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -454,15 +455,28 @@ func (t *Inbound) Close() error {
 	)
 }
 
-func (t *Inbound) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
-	return t.router.PreMatch(adapter.InboundContext{
+func (t *Inbound) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	var ipVersion uint8
+	if !destination.IsIPv6() {
+		ipVersion = 4
+	} else {
+		ipVersion = 6
+	}
+	routeDestination, err := t.router.PreMatch(adapter.InboundContext{
 		Inbound:        t.tag,
 		InboundType:    C.TypeTun,
+		IPVersion:      ipVersion,
 		Network:        network,
 		Source:         source,
 		Destination:    destination,
 		InboundOptions: t.inboundOptions,
-	})
+	}, routeContext, timeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !rule.IsRejected(err) {
+			t.logger.Warn(E.Cause(err, "link ", network, " connection from ", source.AddrString(), " to ", destination.AddrString()))
+		}
+	}
+	return routeDestination, err
 }
 
 func (t *Inbound) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {

protocol/vless/outbound.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type Outbound struct {
 	serverAddr      M.Socksaddr
 	multiplexDialer *mux.Client
 	tlsConfig       tls.Config
+	tlsDialer       tls.Dialer
 	transport       adapter.V2RayClientTransport
 	packetAddr      bool
 	xudp            bool
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		outbound.tlsDialer = tls.NewDialer(outboundDialer, outbound.tlsConfig)
 	}
 	if options.Transport != nil {
 		outbound.transport, err = v2ray.NewClientTransport(ctx, outbound.dialer, outbound.serverAddr, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Transport), outbound.tlsConfig)
@@ -140,11 +142,10 @@ func (h *vlessDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destinati
 	var err error
 	if h.transport != nil {
 		conn, err = h.transport.DialContext(ctx)
+	} else if h.tlsDialer != nil {
+		conn, err = h.tlsDialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, h.serverAddr)
 	} else {
 		conn, err = h.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, h.serverAddr)
-		if err == nil && h.tlsConfig != nil {
-			conn, err = tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, h.tlsConfig)
-		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -183,11 +184,10 @@ func (h *vlessDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr)
 	var err error
 	if h.transport != nil {
 		conn, err = h.transport.DialContext(ctx)
+	} else if h.tlsDialer != nil {
+		conn, err = h.tlsDialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, h.serverAddr)
 	} else {
 		conn, err = h.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, h.serverAddr)
-		if err == nil && h.tlsConfig != nil {
-			conn, err = tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, h.tlsConfig)
-		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		common.Close(conn)

protocol/vmess/outbound.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type Outbound struct {
 	serverAddr      M.Socksaddr
 	multiplexDialer *mux.Client
 	tlsConfig       tls.Config
+	tlsDialer       tls.Dialer
 	transport       adapter.V2RayClientTransport
 	packetAddr      bool
 	xudp            bool
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		outbound.tlsDialer = tls.NewDialer(outboundDialer, outbound.tlsConfig)
 	}
 	if options.Transport != nil {
 		outbound.transport, err = v2ray.NewClientTransport(ctx, outbound.dialer, outbound.serverAddr, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Transport), outbound.tlsConfig)
@@ -154,11 +156,10 @@ func (h *vmessDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destinati
 	var err error
 	if h.transport != nil {
 		conn, err = h.transport.DialContext(ctx)
+	} else if h.tlsDialer != nil {
+		conn, err = h.tlsDialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, h.serverAddr)
 	} else {
 		conn, err = h.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, h.serverAddr)
-		if err == nil && h.tlsConfig != nil {
-			conn, err = tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, h.tlsConfig)
-		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		common.Close(conn)
@@ -182,11 +183,10 @@ func (h *vmessDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr)
 	var err error
 	if h.transport != nil {
 		conn, err = h.transport.DialContext(ctx)
+	} else if h.tlsDialer != nil {
+		conn, err = h.tlsDialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, h.serverAddr)
 	} else {
 		conn, err = h.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, h.serverAddr)
-		if err == nil && h.tlsConfig != nil {
-			conn, err = tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, h.tlsConfig)
-		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

protocol/wireguard/endpoint.go

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/transport/wireguard"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -22,6 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )
 
+var _ adapter.OutboundWithPreferredRoutes = (*Endpoint)(nil)
+
 func RegisterEndpoint(registry *endpoint.Registry) {
 	endpoint.Register[option.WireGuardEndpointOptions](registry, C.TypeWireGuard, NewEndpoint)
 }
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ type Endpoint struct {
 
 func NewEndpoint(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.WireGuardEndpointOptions) (adapter.Endpoint, error) {
 	ep := &Endpoint{
-		Adapter:        endpoint.NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(C.TypeWireGuard, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP}, options.DialerOptions),
+		Adapter:        endpoint.NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(C.TypeWireGuard, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkICMP}, options.DialerOptions),
 		ctx:            ctx,
 		router:         router,
 		dnsRouter:      service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx),
@@ -122,14 +126,27 @@ func (w *Endpoint) Close() error {
 	return w.endpoint.Close()
 }
 
-func (w *Endpoint) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
-	return w.router.PreMatch(adapter.InboundContext{
+func (w *Endpoint) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	var ipVersion uint8
+	if !destination.IsIPv6() {
+		ipVersion = 4
+	} else {
+		ipVersion = 6
+	}
+	routeDestination, err := w.router.PreMatch(adapter.InboundContext{
 		Inbound:     w.Tag(),
 		InboundType: w.Type(),
+		IPVersion:   ipVersion,
 		Network:     network,
 		Source:      source,
 		Destination: destination,
-	})
+	}, routeContext, timeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !rule.IsRejected(err) {
+			w.logger.Warn(E.Cause(err, "link ", network, " connection from ", source.AddrString(), " to ", destination.AddrString()))
+		}
+	}
+	return routeDestination, err
 }
 
 func (w *Endpoint) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
@@ -210,3 +227,15 @@ func (w *Endpoint) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (n
 	}
 	return w.endpoint.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 }
+
+func (w *Endpoint) PreferredDomain(domain string) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (w *Endpoint) PreferredAddress(address netip.Addr) bool {
+	return w.endpoint.Lookup(address) != nil
+}
+
+func (w *Endpoint) NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	return w.endpoint.NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata, routeContext, timeout)
+}

protocol/wireguard/outbound.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/outbound"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/transport/wireguard"
+	tun "github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )
 
+var _ adapter.OutboundWithPreferredRoutes = (*Outbound)(nil)
+
 func RegisterOutbound(registry *outbound.Registry) {
 	outbound.Register[option.LegacyWireGuardOutboundOptions](registry, C.TypeWireGuard, NewOutbound)
 }
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionWireGuardGSO)
 	}
 	outbound := &Outbound{
-		Adapter:        outbound.NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(C.TypeWireGuard, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP}, options.DialerOptions),
+		Adapter:        outbound.NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(C.TypeWireGuard, tag, []string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkICMP}, options.DialerOptions),
 		ctx:            ctx,
 		dnsRouter:      service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx),
 		logger:         logger,
@@ -158,3 +162,15 @@ func (o *Outbound) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (n
 	}
 	return o.endpoint.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 }
+
+func (o *Outbound) PreferredDomain(domain string) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (o *Outbound) PreferredAddress(address netip.Addr) bool {
+	return o.endpoint.Lookup(address) != nil
+}
+
+func (o *Outbound) NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	return o.endpoint.NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata, routeContext, timeout)
+}

route/route.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	R "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-mux"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
@@ -112,6 +113,9 @@ func (r *Router) routeConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata ad
 			}
 		case *R.RuleActionReject:
 			buf.ReleaseMulti(buffers)
+			if action.Method == C.RuleActionRejectMethodReply {
+				return E.New("reject method `reply` is not supported for TCP connections")
+			}
 			return action.Error(ctx)
 		case *R.RuleActionHijackDNS:
 			for _, buffer := range buffers {
@@ -227,6 +231,9 @@ func (r *Router) routePacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, m
 			}
 		case *R.RuleActionReject:
 			N.ReleaseMultiPacketBuffer(packetBuffers)
+			if action.Method == C.RuleActionRejectMethodReply {
+				return E.New("reject method `reply` is not supported for UDP connections")
+			}
 			return action.Error(ctx)
 		case *R.RuleActionHijackDNS:
 			return r.hijackDNSPacket(ctx, conn, packetBuffers, metadata, onClose)
@@ -258,19 +265,47 @@ func (r *Router) routePacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, m
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *Router) PreMatch(metadata adapter.InboundContext) error {
+func (r *Router) PreMatch(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
 	selectedRule, _, _, _, err := r.matchRule(r.ctx, &metadata, true, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	if selectedRule == nil {
-		return nil
+	if selectedRule != nil {
+		switch action := selectedRule.Action().(type) {
+		case *R.RuleActionReject:
+			switch metadata.Network {
+			case N.NetworkTCP:
+				if action.Method == C.RuleActionRejectMethodReply {
+					return nil, E.New("reject method `reply` is not supported for TCP connections")
+				}
+			case N.NetworkUDP:
+				if action.Method == C.RuleActionRejectMethodReply {
+					return nil, E.New("reject method `reply` is not supported for UDP connections")
+				}
+			}
+			return nil, action.Error(context.Background())
+		case *R.RuleActionRoute:
+			if routeContext == nil {
+				return nil, nil
+			}
+			outbound, loaded := r.outbound.Outbound(action.Outbound)
+			if !loaded {
+				return nil, E.New("outbound not found: ", action.Outbound)
+			}
+			if !common.Contains(outbound.Network(), metadata.Network) {
+				return nil, E.New(metadata.Network, " is not supported by outbound: ", action.Outbound)
+			}
+			return outbound.(adapter.DirectRouteOutbound).NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata, routeContext, timeout)
+		}
 	}
-	rejectAction, isReject := selectedRule.Action().(*R.RuleActionReject)
-	if !isReject {
-		return nil
+	if selectedRule != nil || metadata.Network != N.NetworkICMP {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	return rejectAction.Error(context.Background())
+	defaultOutbound := r.outbound.Default()
+	if !common.Contains(defaultOutbound.Network(), metadata.Network) {
+		return nil, E.New(metadata.Network, " is not supported by default outbound: ", defaultOutbound.Tag())
+	}
+	return defaultOutbound.(adapter.DirectRouteOutbound).NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata, routeContext, timeout)
 }
 
 func (r *Router) matchRule(
@@ -463,7 +498,7 @@ match:
 				} else if len(newPacketBuffers) > 0 {
 					packetBuffers = append(packetBuffers, newPacketBuffers...)
 				}
-			} else {
+			} else if metadata.Network != N.NetworkICMP {
 				selectedRule = currentRule
 				selectedRuleIndex = currentRuleIndex
 				break match
@@ -477,8 +512,7 @@ match:
 		actionType := currentRule.Action().Type()
 		if actionType == C.RuleActionTypeRoute ||
 			actionType == C.RuleActionTypeReject ||
-			actionType == C.RuleActionTypeHijackDNS ||
-			(actionType == C.RuleActionTypeSniff && preMatch) {
+			actionType == C.RuleActionTypeHijackDNS {
 			selectedRule = currentRule
 			selectedRuleIndex = currentRuleIndex
 			break match

route/rule/rule_action.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -325,9 +324,11 @@ func (r *RuleActionReject) Error(ctx context.Context) error {
 	var returnErr error
 	switch r.Method {
 	case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
-		returnErr = &RejectedError{syscall.ECONNREFUSED}
+		returnErr = &RejectedError{tun.ErrReset}
 	case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
 		return &RejectedError{tun.ErrDrop}
+	case C.RuleActionRejectMethodReply:
+		return nil
 	default:
 		panic(F.ToString("unknown reject method: ", r.Method))
 	}

route/rule/rule_default.go

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func NewDefaultRule(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options optio
 	if len(options.DomainRegex) > 0 {
 		item, err := NewDomainRegexItem(options.DomainRegex)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "domain_regex")
+			return nil, err
 		}
 		rule.destinationAddressItems = append(rule.destinationAddressItems, item)
 		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
@@ -246,6 +246,26 @@ func NewDefaultRule(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options optio
 		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
 		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
 	}
+	if options.InterfaceAddress != nil && options.InterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		item := NewInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.InterfaceAddress)
+		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+	}
+	if options.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && options.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		item := NewNetworkInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.NetworkInterfaceAddress)
+		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+	}
+	if len(options.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0 {
+		item := NewDefaultInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.DefaultInterfaceAddress)
+		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+	}
+	if len(options.PreferredBy) > 0 {
+		item := NewPreferredByItem(ctx, options.PreferredBy)
+		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+	}
 	if len(options.RuleSet) > 0 {
 		var matchSource bool
 		if options.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource {

route/rule/rule_default_interface_address.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package rule
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
+)
+
+var _ RuleItem = (*DefaultInterfaceAddressItem)(nil)
+
+type DefaultInterfaceAddressItem struct {
+	interfaceMonitor   tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
+	interfaceAddresses []netip.Prefix
+}
+
+func NewDefaultInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager adapter.NetworkManager, interfaceAddresses badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]) *DefaultInterfaceAddressItem {
+	item := &DefaultInterfaceAddressItem{
+		interfaceMonitor:   networkManager.InterfaceMonitor(),
+		interfaceAddresses: make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(interfaceAddresses)),
+	}
+	for _, prefixable := range interfaceAddresses {
+		item.interfaceAddresses = append(item.interfaceAddresses, prefixable.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+	}
+	return item
+}
+
+func (r *DefaultInterfaceAddressItem) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+	defaultInterface := r.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterface()
+	if defaultInterface == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, address := range r.interfaceAddresses {
+		if common.All(defaultInterface.Addresses, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+			return !address.Overlaps(it)
+		}) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (r *DefaultInterfaceAddressItem) String() string {
+	addressLen := len(r.interfaceAddresses)
+	switch {
+	case addressLen == 1:
+		return "default_interface_address=" + r.interfaceAddresses[0].String()
+	case addressLen > 3:
+		return "default_interface_address=[" + strings.Join(common.Map(r.interfaceAddresses[:3], netip.Prefix.String), " ") + "...]"
+	default:
+		return "default_interface_address=[" + strings.Join(common.Map(r.interfaceAddresses, netip.Prefix.String), " ") + "]"
+	}
+}

route/rule/rule_dns.go

@@ -247,6 +247,21 @@ func NewDefaultDNSRule(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options op
 		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
 		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
 	}
+	if options.InterfaceAddress != nil && options.InterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		item := NewInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.InterfaceAddress)
+		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+	}
+	if options.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && options.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		item := NewNetworkInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.NetworkInterfaceAddress)
+		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+	}
+	if len(options.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0 {
+		item := NewDefaultInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.DefaultInterfaceAddress)
+		rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+		rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+	}
 	if len(options.RuleSet) > 0 {
 		var matchSource bool
 		if options.RuleSetIPCIDRMatchSource {

route/rule/rule_headless.go

@@ -164,13 +164,21 @@ func NewDefaultHeadlessRule(ctx context.Context, options option.DefaultHeadlessR
 			item := NewWIFISSIDItem(networkManager, options.WIFISSID)
 			rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
 			rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
-
 		}
 		if len(options.WIFIBSSID) > 0 {
 			item := NewWIFIBSSIDItem(networkManager, options.WIFIBSSID)
 			rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
 			rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
-
+		}
+		if options.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && options.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+			item := NewNetworkInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.NetworkInterfaceAddress)
+			rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+			rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
+		}
+		if len(options.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0 {
+			item := NewDefaultInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager, options.DefaultInterfaceAddress)
+			rule.items = append(rule.items, item)
+			rule.allItems = append(rule.allItems, item)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(options.AdGuardDomain) > 0 {

route/rule/rule_interface_address.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package rule
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
+)
+
+var _ RuleItem = (*InterfaceAddressItem)(nil)
+
+type InterfaceAddressItem struct {
+	networkManager     adapter.NetworkManager
+	interfaceAddresses map[string][]netip.Prefix
+	description        string
+}
+
+func NewInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager adapter.NetworkManager, interfaceAddresses *badjson.TypedMap[string, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]]) *InterfaceAddressItem {
+	item := &InterfaceAddressItem{
+		networkManager:     networkManager,
+		interfaceAddresses: make(map[string][]netip.Prefix, interfaceAddresses.Size()),
+	}
+	var entryDescriptions []string
+	for _, entry := range interfaceAddresses.Entries() {
+		prefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(entry.Value))
+		for _, prefixable := range entry.Value {
+			prefixes = append(prefixes, prefixable.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+		}
+		item.interfaceAddresses[entry.Key] = prefixes
+		entryDescriptions = append(entryDescriptions, entry.Key+"="+strings.Join(common.Map(prefixes, netip.Prefix.String), ","))
+	}
+	item.description = "interface_address=[" + strings.Join(entryDescriptions, " ") + "]"
+	return item
+}
+
+func (r *InterfaceAddressItem) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+	interfaces := r.networkManager.InterfaceFinder().Interfaces()
+	for ifName, addresses := range r.interfaceAddresses {
+		iface := common.Find(interfaces, func(it control.Interface) bool {
+			return it.Name == ifName
+		})
+		if iface.Name == "" {
+			return false
+		}
+		if common.All(addresses, func(address netip.Prefix) bool {
+			return common.All(iface.Addresses, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+				return !address.Overlaps(it)
+			})
+		}) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (r *InterfaceAddressItem) String() string {
+	return r.description
+}

route/rule/rule_item_preferred_by.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package rule
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+)
+
+var _ RuleItem = (*PreferredByItem)(nil)
+
+type PreferredByItem struct {
+	ctx          context.Context
+	outboundTags []string
+	outbounds    []adapter.OutboundWithPreferredRoutes
+}
+
+func NewPreferredByItem(ctx context.Context, outboundTags []string) *PreferredByItem {
+	return &PreferredByItem{
+		ctx:          ctx,
+		outboundTags: outboundTags,
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *PreferredByItem) Start() error {
+	outboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundManager](r.ctx)
+	for _, outboundTag := range r.outboundTags {
+		rawOutbound, loaded := outboundManager.Outbound(outboundTag)
+		if !loaded {
+			return E.New("outbound not found: ", outboundTag)
+		}
+		outboundWithPreferredRoutes, withRoutes := rawOutbound.(adapter.OutboundWithPreferredRoutes)
+		if !withRoutes {
+			return E.New("outbound type does not support preferred routes: ", rawOutbound.Type())
+		}
+		r.outbounds = append(r.outbounds, outboundWithPreferredRoutes)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *PreferredByItem) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+	var domainHost string
+	if metadata.Domain != "" {
+		domainHost = metadata.Domain
+	} else {
+		domainHost = metadata.Destination.Fqdn
+	}
+	if domainHost != "" {
+		for _, outbound := range r.outbounds {
+			if outbound.PreferredDomain(domainHost) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if metadata.Destination.IsIP() {
+		for _, outbound := range r.outbounds {
+			if outbound.PreferredAddress(metadata.Destination.Addr) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(metadata.DestinationAddresses) > 0 {
+		for _, address := range metadata.DestinationAddresses {
+			for _, outbound := range r.outbounds {
+				if outbound.PreferredAddress(address) {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (r *PreferredByItem) String() string {
+	description := "preferred_by="
+	pLen := len(r.outboundTags)
+	if pLen == 1 {
+		description += F.ToString(r.outboundTags[0])
+	} else {
+		description += "[" + strings.Join(F.MapToString(r.outboundTags), " ") + "]"
+	}
+	return description
+}

route/rule/rule_network_interface_address.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package rule
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
+)
+
+var _ RuleItem = (*NetworkInterfaceAddressItem)(nil)
+
+type NetworkInterfaceAddressItem struct {
+	networkManager     adapter.NetworkManager
+	interfaceAddresses map[C.InterfaceType][]netip.Prefix
+	description        string
+}
+
+func NewNetworkInterfaceAddressItem(networkManager adapter.NetworkManager, interfaceAddresses *badjson.TypedMap[option.InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]]) *NetworkInterfaceAddressItem {
+	item := &NetworkInterfaceAddressItem{
+		networkManager:     networkManager,
+		interfaceAddresses: make(map[C.InterfaceType][]netip.Prefix, interfaceAddresses.Size()),
+	}
+	var entryDescriptions []string
+	for _, entry := range interfaceAddresses.Entries() {
+		prefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(entry.Value))
+		for _, prefixable := range entry.Value {
+			prefixes = append(prefixes, prefixable.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+		}
+		item.interfaceAddresses[entry.Key.Build()] = prefixes
+		entryDescriptions = append(entryDescriptions, entry.Key.Build().String()+"="+strings.Join(common.Map(prefixes, netip.Prefix.String), ","))
+	}
+	item.description = "network_interface_address=[" + strings.Join(entryDescriptions, " ") + "]"
+	return item
+}
+
+func (r *NetworkInterfaceAddressItem) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+	interfaces := r.networkManager.NetworkInterfaces()
+match:
+	for ifType, addresses := range r.interfaceAddresses {
+		for _, networkInterface := range interfaces {
+			if networkInterface.Type != ifType {
+				continue
+			}
+			if common.Any(networkInterface.Addresses, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+				return common.Any(addresses, func(prefix netip.Prefix) bool {
+					return prefix.Overlaps(it)
+				})
+			}) {
+				continue match
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (r *NetworkInterfaceAddressItem) String() string {
+	return r.description
+}

route/rule/rule_set.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func extractIPSetFromRule(rawRule adapter.HeadlessRule) []*netipx.IPSet {
 	}
 }
 
-func hasHeadlessRule(rules []option.HeadlessRule, cond func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool) bool {
+func HasHeadlessRule(rules []option.HeadlessRule, cond func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool) bool {
 	for _, rule := range rules {
 		switch rule.Type {
 		case C.RuleTypeDefault:
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func hasHeadlessRule(rules []option.HeadlessRule, cond func(rule option.DefaultH
 				return true
 			}
 		case C.RuleTypeLogical:
-			if hasHeadlessRule(rule.LogicalOptions.Rules, cond) {
+			if HasHeadlessRule(rule.LogicalOptions.Rules, cond) {
 				return true
 			}
 		}

route/rule/rule_set_local.go

@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ func (s *LocalRuleSet) reloadRules(headlessRules []option.HeadlessRule) error {
 		}
 	}
 	var metadata adapter.RuleSetMetadata
-	metadata.ContainsProcessRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
-	metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
-	metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
+	metadata.ContainsProcessRule = HasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
+	metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = HasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
+	metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = HasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
 	s.rules = rules
 	s.metadata = metadata
 	s.callbackAccess.Lock()

route/rule/rule_set_remote.go

@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) loadBytes(content []byte) error {
 			return E.Cause(err, "parse rule_set.rules.[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
-	s.metadata.ContainsProcessRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
-	s.metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
-	s.metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
+	s.metadata.ContainsProcessRule = HasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
+	s.metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = HasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
+	s.metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = HasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
 	s.rules = rules
 	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
 	callbacks := s.callbacks.Array()

transport/v2raygrpclite/client.go

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ var defaultClientHeader = http.Header{
 
 type Client struct {
 	ctx        context.Context
-	dialer     N.Dialer
 	serverAddr M.Socksaddr
 	transport  *http2.Transport
 	options    option.V2RayGRPCOptions
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 	}
 	client := &Client{
 		ctx:        ctx,
-		dialer:     dialer,
 		serverAddr: serverAddr,
 		options:    options,
 		transport: &http2.Transport{
@@ -62,7 +60,6 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 		},
 		host: host,
 	}
-
 	if tlsConfig == nil {
 		client.transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, cfg *tls.STDConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
 			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
@@ -71,12 +68,9 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 		if len(tlsConfig.NextProtos()) == 0 {
 			tlsConfig.SetNextProtos([]string{http2.NextProtoTLS})
 		}
+		tlsDialer := tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig)
 		client.transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, cfg *tls.STDConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
-			conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, tlsConfig)
+			return tlsDialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
 		}
 	}
 

transport/v2rayhttp/client.go

@@ -47,15 +47,12 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 		if len(tlsConfig.NextProtos()) == 0 {
 			tlsConfig.SetNextProtos([]string{http2.NextProtoTLS})
 		}
+		tlsDialer := tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig)
 		transport = &http2.Transport{
 			ReadIdleTimeout: time.Duration(options.IdleTimeout),
 			PingTimeout:     time.Duration(options.PingTimeout),
 			DialTLSContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, cfg *tls.STDConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
-				conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				return tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, tlsConfig)
+				return tlsDialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
 			},
 		}
 	}

transport/v2rayhttpupgrade/client.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ var _ adapter.V2RayClientTransport = (*Client)(nil)
 
 type Client struct {
 	dialer     N.Dialer
-	tlsConfig  tls.Config
 	serverAddr M.Socksaddr
 	requestURL url.URL
 	headers    http.Header
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 		if len(tlsConfig.NextProtos()) == 0 {
 			tlsConfig.SetNextProtos([]string{"http/1.1"})
 		}
+		dialer = tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig)
 	}
 	var host string
 	if options.Host != "" {
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 	}
 	return &Client{
 		dialer:     dialer,
-		tlsConfig:  tlsConfig,
 		serverAddr: serverAddr,
 		requestURL: requestURL,
 		headers:    headers,
@@ -78,12 +77,6 @@ func (c *Client) DialContext(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if c.tlsConfig != nil {
-		conn, err = tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, c.tlsConfig)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
 	request := &http.Request{
 		Method: http.MethodGet,
 		URL:    &c.requestURL,

transport/v2raywebsocket/client.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ var _ adapter.V2RayClientTransport = (*Client)(nil)
 
 type Client struct {
 	dialer              N.Dialer
-	tlsConfig           tls.Config
 	serverAddr          M.Socksaddr
 	requestURL          url.URL
 	headers             http.Header
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 		if len(tlsConfig.NextProtos()) == 0 {
 			tlsConfig.SetNextProtos([]string{"http/1.1"})
 		}
+		dialer = tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig)
 	}
 	var requestURL url.URL
 	if tlsConfig == nil {
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 	}
 	return &Client{
 		dialer,
-		tlsConfig,
 		serverAddr,
 		requestURL,
 		headers,
@@ -79,12 +78,6 @@ func (c *Client) dialContext(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, headers h
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if c.tlsConfig != nil {
-		conn, err = tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, c.tlsConfig)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
 	var deadlineConn net.Conn
 	if deadline.NeedAdditionalReadDeadline(conn) {
 		deadlineConn = deadline.NewConn(conn)

transport/wireguard/device.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ type Device interface {
 	N.Dialer
 	Start() error
 	SetDevice(device *device.Device)
+	Inet4Address() netip.Addr
+	Inet6Address() netip.Addr
 }
 
 type DeviceOptions struct {
@@ -35,9 +38,14 @@ type DeviceOptions struct {
 func NewDevice(options DeviceOptions) (Device, error) {
 	if !options.System {
 		return newStackDevice(options)
-	} else if options.Handler == nil {
+	} else if !tun.WithGVisor {
 		return newSystemDevice(options)
 	} else {
 		return newSystemStackDevice(options)
 	}
 }
+
+type NatDevice interface {
+	Device
+	CreateDestination(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
+}

transport/wireguard/device_nat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package wireguard
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun/ping"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+)
+
+var _ Device = (*natDeviceWrapper)(nil)
+
+type natDeviceWrapper struct {
+	Device
+	ctx            context.Context
+	logger         logger.ContextLogger
+	packetOutbound chan *buf.Buffer
+	rewriter       *ping.Rewriter
+	buffer         [][]byte
+}
+
+func NewNATDevice(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, upstream Device) NatDevice {
+	wrapper := &natDeviceWrapper{
+		Device:         upstream,
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		logger:         logger,
+		packetOutbound: make(chan *buf.Buffer, 256),
+		rewriter:       ping.NewRewriter(ctx, logger, upstream.Inet4Address(), upstream.Inet6Address()),
+	}
+	return wrapper
+}
+
+func (d *natDeviceWrapper) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, err error) {
+	select {
+	case packet := <-d.packetOutbound:
+		defer packet.Release()
+		sizes[0] = copy(bufs[0][offset:], packet.Bytes())
+		return 1, nil
+	default:
+	}
+	return d.Device.Read(bufs, sizes, offset)
+}
+
+func (d *natDeviceWrapper) Write(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) {
+	for _, buffer := range bufs {
+		handled, err := d.rewriter.WriteBack(buffer[offset:])
+		if handled {
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		} else {
+			d.buffer = append(d.buffer, buffer)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(d.buffer) > 0 {
+		_, err := d.Device.Write(d.buffer, offset)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		d.buffer = d.buffer[:0]
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (d *natDeviceWrapper) CreateDestination(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(d.ctx)
+	session := tun.DirectRouteSession{
+		Source:      metadata.Source.Addr,
+		Destination: metadata.Destination.Addr,
+	}
+	d.rewriter.CreateSession(session, routeContext)
+	d.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "linked ", metadata.Network, " connection from ", metadata.Source.AddrString(), " to ", metadata.Destination.AddrString())
+	return &natDestination{device: d, session: session}, nil
+}
+
+var _ tun.DirectRouteDestination = (*natDestination)(nil)
+
+type natDestination struct {
+	device  *natDeviceWrapper
+	session tun.DirectRouteSession
+	closed  atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func (d *natDestination) WritePacket(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
+	d.device.rewriter.RewritePacket(buffer.Bytes())
+	d.device.packetOutbound <- buffer
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *natDestination) Close() error {
+	d.closed.Store(true)
+	d.device.rewriter.DeleteSession(d.session)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *natDestination) IsClosed() bool {
+	return d.closed.Load()
+}

transport/wireguard/device_stack.go

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ package wireguard
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
@@ -14,9 +16,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
+	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun/ping"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
@@ -24,30 +31,40 @@ import (
 	wgTun "github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/tun"
 )
 
-var _ Device = (*stackDevice)(nil)
+var _ NatDevice = (*stackDevice)(nil)
 
 type stackDevice struct {
-	stack      *stack.Stack
-	mtu        uint32
-	events     chan wgTun.Event
-	outbound   chan *stack.PacketBuffer
-	done       chan struct{}
-	dispatcher stack.NetworkDispatcher
-	addr4      tcpip.Address
-	addr6      tcpip.Address
+	ctx            context.Context
+	logger         log.ContextLogger
+	stack          *stack.Stack
+	mtu            uint32
+	events         chan wgTun.Event
+	outbound       chan *stack.PacketBuffer
+	packetOutbound chan *buf.Buffer
+	done           chan struct{}
+	dispatcher     stack.NetworkDispatcher
+	inet4Address   netip.Addr
+	inet6Address   netip.Addr
 }
 
 func newStackDevice(options DeviceOptions) (*stackDevice, error) {
 	tunDevice := &stackDevice{
-		mtu:      options.MTU,
-		events:   make(chan wgTun.Event, 1),
-		outbound: make(chan *stack.PacketBuffer, 256),
-		done:     make(chan struct{}),
+		ctx:            options.Context,
+		logger:         options.Logger,
+		mtu:            options.MTU,
+		events:         make(chan wgTun.Event, 1),
+		outbound:       make(chan *stack.PacketBuffer, 256),
+		packetOutbound: make(chan *buf.Buffer, 256),
+		done:           make(chan struct{}),
 	}
-	ipStack, err := tun.NewGVisorStack((*wireEndpoint)(tunDevice))
+	ipStack, err := tun.NewGVisorStackWithOptions((*wireEndpoint)(tunDevice), stack.NICOptions{}, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	var (
+		inet4Address netip.Addr
+		inet6Address netip.Addr
+	)
 	for _, prefix := range options.Address {
 		addr := tun.AddressFromAddr(prefix.Addr())
 		protoAddr := tcpip.ProtocolAddress{
@@ -57,10 +74,12 @@ func newStackDevice(options DeviceOptions) (*stackDevice, error) {
 			},
 		}
 		if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-			tunDevice.addr4 = addr
+			inet4Address = prefix.Addr()
+			tunDevice.inet4Address = inet4Address
 			protoAddr.Protocol = ipv4.ProtocolNumber
 		} else {
-			tunDevice.addr6 = addr
+			inet6Address = prefix.Addr()
+			tunDevice.inet6Address = inet6Address
 			protoAddr.Protocol = ipv6.ProtocolNumber
 		}
 		gErr := ipStack.AddProtocolAddress(tun.DefaultNIC, protoAddr, stack.AddressProperties{})
@@ -72,6 +91,10 @@ func newStackDevice(options DeviceOptions) (*stackDevice, error) {
 	if options.Handler != nil {
 		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(tcp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewTCPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler).HandlePacket)
 		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(udp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewUDPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler, options.UDPTimeout).HandlePacket)
+		icmpForwarder := tun.NewICMPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler, options.UDPTimeout)
+		icmpForwarder.SetLocalAddresses(inet4Address, inet6Address)
+		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(icmp.ProtocolNumber4, icmpForwarder.HandlePacket)
+		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(icmp.ProtocolNumber6, icmpForwarder.HandlePacket)
 	}
 	return tunDevice, nil
 }
@@ -87,11 +110,17 @@ func (w *stackDevice) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destinati
 	}
 	var networkProtocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
 	if destination.IsIPv4() {
+		if !w.inet4Address.IsValid() {
+			return nil, E.New("missing IPv4 local address")
+		}
 		networkProtocol = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
-		bind.Addr = w.addr4
+		bind.Addr = tun.AddressFromAddr(w.inet4Address)
 	} else {
+		if !w.inet6Address.IsValid() {
+			return nil, E.New("missing IPv6 local address")
+		}
 		networkProtocol = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
-		bind.Addr = w.addr6
+		bind.Addr = tun.AddressFromAddr(w.inet6Address)
 	}
 	switch N.NetworkName(network) {
 	case N.NetworkTCP:
@@ -118,10 +147,10 @@ func (w *stackDevice) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr)
 	var networkProtocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
 	if destination.IsIPv4() {
 		networkProtocol = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
-		bind.Addr = w.addr4
+		bind.Addr = tun.AddressFromAddr(w.inet4Address)
 	} else {
 		networkProtocol = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
-		bind.Addr = w.addr6
+		bind.Addr = tun.AddressFromAddr(w.inet4Address)
 	}
 	udpConn, err := gonet.DialUDP(w.stack, &bind, nil, networkProtocol)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -130,6 +159,14 @@ func (w *stackDevice) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr)
 	return udpConn, nil
 }
 
+func (w *stackDevice) Inet4Address() netip.Addr {
+	return w.inet4Address
+}
+
+func (w *stackDevice) Inet6Address() netip.Addr {
+	return w.inet6Address
+}
+
 func (w *stackDevice) SetDevice(device *device.Device) {
 }
 
@@ -144,20 +181,24 @@ func (w *stackDevice) File() *os.File {
 
 func (w *stackDevice) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (count int, err error) {
 	select {
-	case packetBuffer, ok := <-w.outbound:
+	case packet, ok := <-w.outbound:
 		if !ok {
 			return 0, os.ErrClosed
 		}
-		defer packetBuffer.DecRef()
-		p := bufs[0]
-		p = p[offset:]
-		n := 0
-		for _, slice := range packetBuffer.AsSlices() {
-			n += copy(p[n:], slice)
+		defer packet.DecRef()
+		var copyN int
+		/*rangeIterate(packet.Data().AsRange(), func(view *buffer.View) {
+			copyN += copy(bufs[0][offset+copyN:], view.AsSlice())
+		})*/
+		for _, view := range packet.AsSlices() {
+			copyN += copy(bufs[0][offset+copyN:], view)
 		}
-		sizes[0] = n
-		count = 1
-		return
+		sizes[0] = copyN
+		return 1, nil
+	case packet := <-w.packetOutbound:
+		defer packet.Release()
+		sizes[0] = copy(bufs[0][offset:], packet.Bytes())
+		return 1, nil
 	case <-w.done:
 		return 0, os.ErrClosed
 	}
@@ -217,6 +258,23 @@ func (w *stackDevice) BatchSize() int {
 	return 1
 }
 
+func (w *stackDevice) CreateDestination(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(w.ctx)
+	destination, err := ping.ConnectGVisor(
+		ctx, w.logger,
+		metadata.Source.Addr, metadata.Destination.Addr,
+		routeContext,
+		w.stack,
+		w.inet4Address, w.inet6Address,
+		timeout,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	w.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "linked ", metadata.Network, " connection from ", metadata.Source.AddrString(), " to ", metadata.Destination.AddrString())
+	return destination, nil
+}
+
 var _ stack.LinkEndpoint = (*wireEndpoint)(nil)
 
 type wireEndpoint stackDevice

transport/wireguard/device_system.go

@@ -22,22 +22,42 @@ import (
 var _ Device = (*systemDevice)(nil)
 
 type systemDevice struct {
-	options     DeviceOptions
-	dialer      N.Dialer
-	device      tun.Tun
-	batchDevice tun.LinuxTUN
-	events      chan wgTun.Event
-	closeOnce   sync.Once
+	options      DeviceOptions
+	dialer       N.Dialer
+	device       tun.Tun
+	batchDevice  tun.LinuxTUN
+	events       chan wgTun.Event
+	closeOnce    sync.Once
+	inet4Address netip.Addr
+	inet6Address netip.Addr
 }
 
 func newSystemDevice(options DeviceOptions) (*systemDevice, error) {
 	if options.Name == "" {
 		options.Name = tun.CalculateInterfaceName("wg")
 	}
+	var inet4Address netip.Addr
+	var inet6Address netip.Addr
+	if len(options.Address) > 0 {
+		if prefix := common.Find(options.Address, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+			return it.Addr().Is4()
+		}); prefix.IsValid() {
+			inet4Address = prefix.Addr()
+		}
+	}
+	if len(options.Address) > 0 {
+		if prefix := common.Find(options.Address, func(it netip.Prefix) bool {
+			return it.Addr().Is6()
+		}); prefix.IsValid() {
+			inet6Address = prefix.Addr()
+		}
+	}
 	return &systemDevice{
-		options: options,
-		dialer:  options.CreateDialer(options.Name),
-		events:  make(chan wgTun.Event, 1),
+		options:      options,
+		dialer:       options.CreateDialer(options.Name),
+		events:       make(chan wgTun.Event, 1),
+		inet4Address: inet4Address,
+		inet6Address: inet6Address,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -49,6 +69,14 @@ func (w *systemDevice) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr
 	return w.dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 }
 
+func (w *systemDevice) Inet4Address() netip.Addr {
+	return w.inet4Address
+}
+
+func (w *systemDevice) Inet6Address() netip.Addr {
+	return w.inet6Address
+}
+
 func (w *systemDevice) SetDevice(device *device.Device) {
 }
 

transport/wireguard/device_system_stack.go

@@ -3,16 +3,26 @@
 package wireguard
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"net/netip"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
+	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4"
+	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
+	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun/ping"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/device"
 )
 
@@ -20,6 +30,8 @@ var _ Device = (*systemStackDevice)(nil)
 
 type systemStackDevice struct {
 	*systemDevice
+	ctx       context.Context
+	logger    logger.ContextLogger
 	stack     *stack.Stack
 	endpoint  *deviceEndpoint
 	writeBufs [][]byte
@@ -34,13 +46,45 @@ func newSystemStackDevice(options DeviceOptions) (*systemStackDevice, error) {
 		mtu:  options.MTU,
 		done: make(chan struct{}),
 	}
-	ipStack, err := tun.NewGVisorStack(endpoint)
+	ipStack, err := tun.NewGVisorStackWithOptions(endpoint, stack.NICOptions{}, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(tcp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewTCPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler).HandlePacket)
-	ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(udp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewUDPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler, options.UDPTimeout).HandlePacket)
+	var (
+		inet4Address netip.Addr
+		inet6Address netip.Addr
+	)
+	for _, prefix := range options.Address {
+		addr := tun.AddressFromAddr(prefix.Addr())
+		protoAddr := tcpip.ProtocolAddress{
+			AddressWithPrefix: tcpip.AddressWithPrefix{
+				Address:   addr,
+				PrefixLen: prefix.Bits(),
+			},
+		}
+		if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+			inet4Address = prefix.Addr()
+			protoAddr.Protocol = ipv4.ProtocolNumber
+		} else {
+			inet6Address = prefix.Addr()
+			protoAddr.Protocol = ipv6.ProtocolNumber
+		}
+		gErr := ipStack.AddProtocolAddress(tun.DefaultNIC, protoAddr, stack.AddressProperties{})
+		if gErr != nil {
+			return nil, E.New("parse local address ", protoAddr.AddressWithPrefix, ": ", gErr.String())
+		}
+	}
+	if options.Handler != nil {
+		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(tcp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewTCPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler).HandlePacket)
+		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(udp.ProtocolNumber, tun.NewUDPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler, options.UDPTimeout).HandlePacket)
+		icmpForwarder := tun.NewICMPForwarder(options.Context, ipStack, options.Handler, options.UDPTimeout)
+		icmpForwarder.SetLocalAddresses(inet4Address, inet6Address)
+		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(icmp.ProtocolNumber4, icmpForwarder.HandlePacket)
+		ipStack.SetTransportProtocolHandler(icmp.ProtocolNumber6, icmpForwarder.HandlePacket)
+	}
 	return &systemStackDevice{
+		ctx:          options.Context,
+		logger:       options.Logger,
 		systemDevice: system,
 		stack:        ipStack,
 		endpoint:     endpoint,
@@ -116,6 +160,23 @@ func (w *systemStackDevice) writeStack(packet []byte) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+func (w *systemStackDevice) CreateDestination(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(w.ctx)
+	destination, err := ping.ConnectGVisor(
+		ctx, w.logger,
+		metadata.Source.Addr, metadata.Destination.Addr,
+		routeContext,
+		w.stack,
+		w.inet4Address, w.inet6Address,
+		timeout,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	w.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "linked ", metadata.Network, " connection from ", metadata.Source.AddrString(), " to ", metadata.Destination.AddrString())
+	return destination, nil
+}
+
 type deviceEndpoint struct {
 	mtu        uint32
 	done       chan struct{}

transport/wireguard/endpoint.go

@@ -8,8 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
@@ -29,7 +34,9 @@ type Endpoint struct {
 	ipcConf        string
 	allowedAddress []netip.Prefix
 	tunDevice      Device
+	natDevice      NatDevice
 	device         *device.Device
+	allowedIPs     *device.AllowedIPs
 	pause          pause.Manager
 	pauseCallback  *list.Element[pause.Callback]
 }
@@ -111,12 +118,17 @@ func NewEndpoint(options EndpointOptions) (*Endpoint, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "create WireGuard device")
 	}
+	natDevice, isNatDevice := tunDevice.(NatDevice)
+	if !isNatDevice {
+		natDevice = NewNATDevice(options.Context, options.Logger, tunDevice)
+	}
 	return &Endpoint{
 		options:        options,
 		peers:          peers,
 		ipcConf:        ipcConf,
 		allowedAddress: allowedAddresses,
 		tunDevice:      tunDevice,
+		natDevice:      natDevice,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +188,13 @@ func (e *Endpoint) Start(resolve bool) error {
 			e.options.Logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf(strings.ToLower(format), args...))
 		},
 	}
-	wgDevice := device.NewDevice(e.options.Context, e.tunDevice, bind, logger, e.options.Workers)
+	var deviceInput Device
+	if e.natDevice != nil {
+		deviceInput = e.natDevice
+	} else {
+		deviceInput = e.tunDevice
+	}
+	wgDevice := device.NewDevice(e.options.Context, deviceInput, bind, logger, e.options.Workers)
 	e.tunDevice.SetDevice(wgDevice)
 	ipcConf := e.ipcConf
 	for _, peer := range e.peers {
@@ -191,6 +209,7 @@ func (e *Endpoint) Start(resolve bool) error {
 	if e.pause != nil {
 		e.pauseCallback = e.pause.RegisterCallback(e.onPauseUpdated)
 	}
+	e.allowedIPs = (*device.AllowedIPs)(unsafe.Pointer(reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(wgDevice)).FieldByName("allowedips").UnsafeAddr()))
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -218,6 +237,20 @@ func (e *Endpoint) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (e *Endpoint) Lookup(address netip.Addr) *device.Peer {
+	if e.allowedIPs == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return e.allowedIPs.Lookup(address.AsSlice())
+}
+
+func (e *Endpoint) NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata adapter.InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error) {
+	if e.natDevice == nil {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	return e.natDevice.CreateDestination(metadata, routeContext, timeout)
+}
+
 func (e *Endpoint) onPauseUpdated(event int) {
 	switch event {
 	case pause.EventDevicePaused, pause.EventNetworkPause: